Incamake:
1. Umukozi woza no gutatanya
2. Defoamer
3. Thickener
4. Inyongera zo gukora firime
5. Kurwanya ruswa, anti-mildew na anti-algae
6. Ibindi byongeweho
1 Umukozi woza no gutatanya:
Amazi ashingiye kumazi akoresha amazi nkigikoresho cyo gukemura cyangwa gutatanya, kandi amazi afite dielectric nini ihoraho, kubwibyo rero amazi ashingiye kumazi ahagarikwa cyane cyane no kwangwa na electrostatike iyo amashanyarazi abiri yuzuye.Byongeye kandi, muri sisitemu yo gutwikira amazi, hakunze kubaho polymers hamwe na surfactants zidafite ionic, zandikirwa hejuru yuzuza pigment, bikagira inzitizi zikomeye kandi bigahagarika ikwirakwizwa.Kubwibyo, amarangi ashingiye kumazi hamwe na emulisiyo bigera kubisubizo bihamye binyuze mubikorwa bihuriweho no kwanga electrostatike no guhagarika steric.Ingaruka zayo ni ubukana bwa electrolyte, cyane cyane kuri electrolytike ihenze cyane.
1.1 Umukozi wohanagura
Ibikoresho byo guhanagura amazi yo mumazi bigabanijwemo anionic na nonionic.
Ihuriro ryumukozi woherejwe hamwe nuwatatanye arashobora kugera kubisubizo byiza.Umubare wibikoresho byo guhanagura muri rusange ni bike kubihumbi.Ingaruka mbi zayo ni ifuro no kugabanya kurwanya amazi ya firime.
Imwe mumigendekere yiterambere ryibikoresho byo guhanagura ni ugusimbuza buhoro buhoro polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) fenol ether (APEO cyangwa APE) imiti itose, kuko itera kugabanuka kwimisemburo yabagabo mumbeba kandi ikabangamira endocrine.Polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) fenol ethers ikoreshwa cyane nka emulisiferi mugihe cya polymerisiyasi.
Impanga zibiri nazo niterambere rishya.Ni molekile ebyiri za amphiphilic zahujwe na spacer.Ikintu cyagaragaye cyane mu mikorere yimpanga-selile ni uko kwibumbira hamwe kwa micelle (CMC) birenze gahunda yubunini buri munsi yubushakashatsi bwabo bwa "selile-selile", bukurikirwa no gukora neza.Nka TEGO Twin 4000, ni surfactant ya siloxane ya selile, kandi ifite ifuro ridahungabana hamwe na defoaming.
Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere byateje imbere Gemini surfactants.Imiti gakondo ifite umurizo wa hydrophobique n'umutwe wa hydrophilique, ariko iyi surfactant nshya ifite amatsinda abiri ya hydrophilique hamwe nitsinda rya hydrophobique ebyiri cyangwa eshatu, iyi ikaba ari surfactant ikora cyane, izwi nka acetylene glycol, ibicuruzwa nka EnviroGem AD01.
1.2 Gutatana
Gutandukanya amarangi ya latex bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bine: ikwirakwiza fosifate, ikwirakwiza polyacide homopolymer, ikwirakwiza polyacide copolymer hamwe nizindi zitandukanye.
Ikwirakwizwa rya fosifeti ikoreshwa cyane ni polyphosifate, nka sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgon N, ibicuruzwa bya BK Giulini Chemical Company mu Budage), potasiyumu tripolyphosphate (KTPP) na tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP).Uburyo bwibikorwa byabwo ni uguhagarika kwanga electrostatike binyuze muri hydrogène ihuza hamwe na adsorption ya chimique.Akarusho kayo nuko dosiye iri hasi, hafi 0.1%, kandi ifite ingaruka nziza zo gukwirakwiza kuri pigment organic organique na fillers.Ariko nanone hariho ibitagenda neza: imwe, hamwe no kuzamura agaciro ka pH nubushyuhe, polyphosifate iroroshye hydrolyzed, itera ububiko bwigihe kirekire bubi;Gusenyuka kutuzuye hagati bizagira ingaruka kumurabyo wa glossy latex.
Ikwirakwiza rya fosifate ni uruvange rwa monoester, dieter, alcool zisigaye na aside fosifori.
Ikwirakwizwa rya fosifate ester ituma ikwirakwizwa rya pigment, harimo na pigment reaction nka okiside ya zinc.Mu gushushanya amarangi ya gloss, atezimbere uburabyo no kugira isuku.Bitandukanye nibindi byongeweho kandi bikwirakwiza inyongeramusaruro, kongeramo fosifate ester ikwirakwiza ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya KU na ICI yububiko.
Ikwirakwizwa rya polyacide homopolymer, nka Tamol 1254 na Tamol 850, Tamol 850 ni homopolymer ya acide methacrylic.Ikwirakwizwa rya polyacide copolymer, nka Orotan 731A, ikaba ikora kopi ya diisobutylene na aside ya manic.Ibiranga ubu bwoko bubiri bwo gutatanya ni uko bitanga adsorption ikomeye cyangwa inanga hejuru ya pigment hamwe nuwuzuza, ikagira iminyururu ndende ya molekile kugirango ibe inzitizi zikomeye, kandi ikagira amazi yo gukomera kumurongo wurunigi, kandi bimwe byuzuzwa no kwanga amashanyarazi kuri kugera ku bisubizo bihamye.Kugira ngo abatatanye bagabanye neza, uburemere bwa molekile bugomba kugenzurwa cyane.Niba uburemere bwa molekile ari buto cyane, hazabaho inzitizi zidahagije;niba uburemere bwa molekile ari bunini cyane, flocculation izabaho.Kubatatanya polyacrylate, ingaruka nziza zo gutatanya zirashobora kugerwaho mugihe urwego rwa polymerisation ari 12-18.
Ubundi bwoko bwo gutatanya, nka AMP-95, bufite izina ryimiti ya 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.Itsinda rya amino ryamamajwe hejuru yubutaka bwa organic organique, kandi hydroxyl groupe igera kumazi, igira uruhare runini muguhagarika inzitizi.Bitewe nubunini bwacyo, inzitizi zidasanzwe zigarukira.AMP-95 ahanini ni pH igenzura.
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku batatanye bwatsinze ikibazo cya flokculasiyo iterwa n'uburemere buke bwa molekile, kandi iterambere ry'uburemere buke ni kimwe mu bigenda.Kurugero, uburemere buke bwa molekile ikwirakwiza EFKA-4580 ikorwa na emulion polymerisation yakozwe muburyo bwihariye bwo gutwikira inganda zishingiye ku mazi, bikwiranye no gukwirakwiza pigment kama n’ibinyabuzima, kandi bifite amazi meza.
Amatsinda ya Amino afite isano nziza kuri pigment nyinshi binyuze muri acide-base cyangwa hydrogen ihuza.Guhagarika copolymer ikwirakwiza aside amineacrylic nkuko itsinda rya ankoring ryitabweho.
Gutandukana na dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate nkitsinda ryitsinda
Tego Ikwirakwiza 655 itose kandi ikwirakwiza inyongeramusaruro ikoreshwa mumarangi yimodoka itwara amazi ntabwo yerekeza gusa kuri pigment ahubwo no kubuza ifu ya aluminiyumu kutagira amazi.
Bitewe n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije, hashyizweho uburyo bwo kubuza ibinyabuzima no gukwirakwiza ibinyabuzima, nka EnviroGem AE ikurikirana ya twin-selile yohereza no gukwirakwiza ibintu, bikaba ari ibibyimba bike kandi byangiza.
2 defoamer:
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamazi ashingiye kumazi asanzwe, asanzwe agabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: defoamers yamavuta yubutare, polysiloxane defoamers nibindi byangiza.
Amavuta ya minerval defoamers akoreshwa cyane cyane mumarangi ya tekinike na kimwe cya kabiri.
Polysiloxane defoamers ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo hejuru, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusebanya no kurwanya antifoaming, kandi ntibigira ingaruka kumurabyo, ariko iyo bikoreshejwe nabi, bizatera inenge nko kugabanuka kwa firime ya coating hamwe no kudasubirana neza.
Imigenzo gakondo ishingiye kumazi yo gusiga irangi ntishobora kubangikanywa nicyiciro cyamazi kugirango igere ku ntego yo gusebanya, biroroshye rero kubyara inenge zo hejuru muri firime.
Mumyaka yashize, molekulari yo murwego rwohejuru yaratejwe imbere.
Iyi antifoaming agent ni polymer yakozwe muguhuza antifoaming ibintu bifatika kubintu bitwara.Urunigi rwa molekuline ya polymer rufite itsinda rya hydroxyl itose, ibintu bikora nabi bigabanywa hafi ya molekile, ibintu bikora ntabwo byoroshye guteranya, kandi guhuza na sisitemu yo gutwikira ni byiza.Mwene molekulari yo murwego rwohejuru irimo amavuta yubutare - Urukurikirane rwa FoamStar A10, rurimo silikoni - Urukurikirane rwa FoamStar A30, hamwe na silicon, idafite amavuta ya polymers - Urukurikirane rwa FoamStar MF.
Biravugwa kandi ko iyi defoamer yo murwego rwa molekulari ikoresha super-grafted star polymers nka surfactants zidahuye, kandi imaze kugera kubisubizo byiza mubikorwa byo gutwikira amazi.Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bya molekulari-defoamer yatangajwe na Stout et al.ni acetylene glycol ishingiye kubikorwa byo kugenzura ifuro hamwe na defoamer hamwe nibintu byombi bitose, nka Surfynol MD 20 na Surfynol DF 37.
Byongeye kandi, kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byo kubyara zeru-VOC, hariho na defoamers idafite VOC, nka Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, nibindi.
3 Inkoko:
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibibyibushye, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa ni selulose ether hamwe nibiyikomokaho kubyimbye, gufatanya alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye (HASE) hamwe na polyurethane (HEUR).
3.1.Cellulose ether n'ibiyikomokaho
Hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC) yakozwe bwa mbere mu nganda na Union Carbide Company mu 1932, kandi ifite amateka yimyaka irenga 70.Kugeza ubu, umubyimba wa ether ya selile n'ibiyikomokaho harimo hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethyl selulose (MHEC), Ethyl hydroxyethyl selulose (EHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl Base selulose (MHPC), methyl selulose (MC) na xanthan gum, nibindi, ibi ni ibibyibushye bitari ionic, kandi nabyo ni ibyibice byamazi bidafitanye isano.Muri byo, HEC niyo ikoreshwa cyane mu irangi rya latex.
Hydrophobique yahinduwe selile (HMHEC) itangiza umubare muto wamatsinda maremare ya hydrophobique alkyl kumurongo wa hydrophilique umugongo wa selile kugirango uhinduke umubyimba, nka Natrosol Plus Icyiciro cya 330, 331, Cellosize SG-100, Bermocoll EHM-100.Ingaruka zayo zibyibushye ziragereranywa na selile ya ether ya selile ifite uburemere bunini cyane.Itezimbere ubwiza no kuringaniza ICI, kandi igabanya ubukana bwubuso, nkuburemere bwubuso bwa HEC bugera kuri 67mN / m, naho uburemere bwa HMHEC ni 55-65mN / m.
3.2 Alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye
Ibibyimba bya Alkali-byabyimbye bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: ibibyimba bidahuza alkali-kubyimba (ASE) hamwe na alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye (HASE), aribyo byongera anionic.Bidafitanye isano na ASE ni polyacrylate alkali kubyimba emulsion.Associative HASE ni hydrophobique yahinduwe polyacrylate alkali kubyimba emulsion.
3.3.Umubyimba wa polyurethane hamwe na hydrophobique yahinduwe itari polyurethane
Umubyimba wa polyurethane, witwa HEUR, ni hydrophobique groupe yahinduwe na ethoxylated polyurethane yamazi ya elegitoronike ya polymer, ikaba ari iyibyimbye bitari ionic.HEUR igizwe n'ibice bitatu: itsinda rya hydrophobique, urunigi rwa hydrophilique na polyurethane.Itsinda rya hydrophobique rifite uruhare rwishyirahamwe kandi nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyo kubyimba, ubusanzwe oleyl, octadecyl, dodecylphenyl, nonylphenol, nibindi.Urunigi rwa molekuline ya HEUR rwaguwe nitsinda rya polyurethane, nka IPDI, TDI na HMDI.Imiterere yimiterere yibyingenzi ni uko birangizwa nitsinda rya hydrophobique.Nyamara, urwego rwo gusimbuza amatsinda ya hydrophobi kumpande zombi za HEURs ziboneka mubucuruzi ziri munsi ya 0.9, kandi ibyiza ni 1.7 gusa.Imiterere yimyitwarire igomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango ibone umubyimba wa polyurethane ufite uburemere buke bwo gukwirakwiza no gukora neza.HEURs nyinshi ikomatanyirizwa hamwe na polymerisiyasi yintambwe, bityo ubucuruzi buraboneka HEUR muri rusange ni imvange yuburemere bwagutse.
Richey n'abandi.yakoresheje fluorescent tracer pyrene ishyirahamwe ryiyongera (PAT, impuzandengo yuburemere bwa molekile 30000, uburemere buringaniye bwa molekile 60000) kugirango isange ko kuri 0,02% (uburemere), impamyabumenyi ya micelle ya Acrysol RM-825 na PAT yari nka 6. The imbaraga zo guhuza hagati yibyimbye nubuso bwibice bya latex bigera kuri 25 KJ / mol;ubuso bufitwe na buri molekile yibyibushye ya PAT hejuru yubutaka bwa latex ni nka 13 nm2, ni hafi yubuso bwigaruriwe na Triton X-405 yoza amazi inshuro 14 zingana na 0.9 nm2.Kwiyongera kwa polyurethane nka RM-2020NPR, DSX 1550, nibindi.
Iterambere ryibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bya polyurethane byitabiriwe cyane.Kurugero, BYK-425 ni VOC- na APEO-idafite urea-yahinduwe polyurethane.Rheolate 210, Borchi Gel 0434, Tego ViscoPlus 3010, 3030 na 3060 Nibisanzwe bya polyurethane yibyibushye idafite VOC na APEO.
Usibye umurongo uhuza polyurethane umubyimba wasobanuwe haruguru, hariho kandi ibimamara bisa na polyurethane yibyibushye.Icyitwa ibimamara ishyirahamwe polyurethane kubyimbye bivuze ko hariho itsinda rya hydrophobique ryagati hagati ya buri molekile yibyibushye.Ibibyimbye nka SCT-200 na SCT-275 nibindi
Amashanyarazi ya hydrophobique yahinduwe (hydrophobique yahinduwe ethoxylated aminoplast thickener-HEAT) ihindura resin idasanzwe amine mo amatsinda ane ya hydrophobique, ariko reaction yibi bibanza bine reaction iratandukanye.Mubyongeyeho bisanzwe byamatsinda ya hydrophobique, hariho amatsinda abiri gusa ya hydrophobique yahagaritswe, bityo rero hydrophobique ya hydrophobique yahinduwe amine umubyimba ntutandukanye cyane na HEUR, nka Optiflo H 500. Niba hiyongereyeho andi matsinda ya hydrophobi, nka 8%, imiterere yimyitwarire irashobora guhindurwa kugirango itange amineri yimbaraga hamwe nitsinda ryinshi rya hydrophobique.Birumvikana, iyi nayo ni ibimamara.Iyi hydrophobique yahinduwe na amino yibyibushye irashobora kubuza irangi ryamabara kugabanuka bitewe no kongeramo umubare munini wa surfactants hamwe na solide ya glycol mugihe hiyongereyeho ibara.Impamvu nuko amatsinda akomeye ya hydrophobique ashobora gukumira desorption, kandi amatsinda menshi ya hydrophobique afite ubumwe bukomeye.Umubyimba nka Optiflo TVS.
Hydrophobic yahinduwe polyether yibyibushye (HMPE) Imikorere ya hydrophobique yahinduwe na polyether yuzuye isa na HEUR, kandi mubicuruzwa birimo Aquaflow NLS200, NLS210 na NHS300 ya Hercules.
Uburyo bwacyo bwo kubyimba ningaruka zombi zihuza hydrogène no guhuza amatsinda yanyuma.Ugereranije nubunini busanzwe, bufite ibyiza byo kurwanya-gutuza no kurwanya-sag.Ukurikije polarisi zitandukanye zitsinda ryanyuma, umubyimba wa polyurea wahinduwe urashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: umubyimba muto wa polyurea polyurea, umubyimba wo hagati wa polarite polyurea hamwe nubunini bwa polyurea.Babiri ba mbere bakoreshwa mukubyimbye bishingiye kumyanda, mugihe umubyimba mwinshi wa polyurea polyurea urashobora gukoreshwa haba murwego rwohejuru rwinshi rushingiye kumazi hamwe namazi ashingiye kumazi.Ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi bifite polarite nkeya, polarite yo hagati hamwe na poliirea nini cyane ni BYK-411, BYK-410 na BYK-420.
Guhindura ibishashara bya polyamide ni inyongeramusaruro ya rheologiya ikomatanya mugutangiza amatsinda ya hydrophilique nka PEG mumurongo wa molekile ya shashara ya amide.Kugeza ubu, ibirango bimwe na bimwe bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhindura thixotropy ya sisitemu no kunoza anti-thixotropy.Imikorere irwanya sag.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2022