Incamake:
1. Gutose no gutatana umukozi
2. Defomer
3. Thickeneri
4. INGARUKA ZIKURIKIRA
5. Anti-ruswa, anti-yoroheje na anti-algae umukozi
6. IZINDI NTANDUKANYA
1 Gukubita no gutatanya umukozi:
Amazi ashingiye ku mazi akoresha amazi nkigicucu cyangwa amatana, namazi afite uburwayi bunini buhoraho, bityo amazi ahoraho cyane, amazi ashingiye cyane cyane aterwa na electrostatike mugihe amashanyarazi abiri arenze. Byongeye kandi, muri sisitemu ishingiye ku moko ishingiye ku mazi, akenshi hari polymes hamwe na polmects surfactants, zirimo kwishyurwa hejuru yingurube, zikora impeta ya steric, zikora impeta za steric kandi zikabuza gutatanya. Kubwibyo, amarangi ashingiye ku mazi n'amazi ashingiye ku mazi agera ku bisubizo bihamye binyuze mu gikorwa gihuriweho cya Delicestatiya n'inzitizi za steric. Ibibi byayo ni bikennye kurwanya electrolyte, cyane cyane kubiciro bya electrolt.
1.1 Umukozi utoboye
Abakozi batoboye kugirango bakore amazi ya marborborne bigabanyijemo ainic na nonine.
Ihuriro ryumukozi utoboye kandi ukwirakwiza umukozi urashobora kugera kubisubizo byiza. Ingano yumukozi utose muri rusange muri rusange ni bake ku gihumbi. Ingaruka mbi ni ibyuma no kugabanya kurwanya amazi ya firime yo kurohama.
Kimwe mu bigize iterambere ryabakozi batose ni ugusimbuza buhoro buhoro Polyoxisethylene Alkyl (Benzene) Phenol Ether (bepeo cyangwa ape) abakozi bashidika, kuko biganisha ku kugabanya imisemburo yimbeba no kubangamira endocrine. PolyoxyAxylene Alkyl (benzene) phenol yakoreshwa cyane nka emalsiefier mugihe cya emulsiyoni.
Twin Sticfactts nazo ni iterambere rishya. Ni molekile ebyiri za amphilic zifitanye isano na spacer. Ikintu kigaragara cyane cya Twin-selile surpactant nuko Micalle ikomeye (CMC) irenze gahunda yubunini buri munsi y '"selile-selile", ikurikirwa no gukora neza. Nka tego Twin 4000, nimpanga selile ya sexxane, kandi ifite ibibyimba bidahungabana nibiranga.
Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere byateye imbere gemini surfactacts. Abarundi bakomeye bafite umurizo w hydrophobike hamwe n'umutwe w'amazi, ariko iyi mikino mike ifite amatsinda abiri ya hydhilike n'amatsinda abiri cyangwa atatu, bizwi nka acetylene glycols ad01.
1.2 Gutandukana
Gutandukana kubibara bya latex bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bine: Abapasimbura Fosiporo, Abapayideya Homopolemer bakwirakwiza, Polyacide Copolyment, abapasimburanaga ba Polsacide batandukana nabandi bapatanya.
Abapasimburana cyane ba fosifaste ni polyphosphates, nka sodium hexptaphosphaphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgolyphosphate (Calgolyphosphate (PATIPOLHOLHOSTHE (KTPP) na TetrapoShareum Pyrophoshare (TKPP). Uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa byayo ni uguhungabana kwa electrostatike binyuze muri hydrogen counding hamwe na chimique imiti. Inyungu zayo nuko dosage iri hasi, nka 0.1%, kandi ifite ingaruka nziza zo gutatanya kuri pigment ya anorganic hamwe numwuka. Ariko kandi hari ibitagenda neza: Umwe, hamwe no kurera agaciro ya PH n'ubushyuhe, Polyphoshare ni hydrolyzed, bitera ibibi by'igihe kirekire. Iseswa rituzuye muburyo rizagira ingaruka kuri gloss ya landx irangi.
Fositote Ester ipata ni uruvange rwabantu, abanyamayeri, alcools alcool na acide fosifori.
Fosiporo Ester ipasatanya Gutandukana kw'ingurube, harimo n'ingingo ya reaction nka zinc okiside. Mu rukundo rurangiza, rutezimbere ukwicwa no kwezwa. Bitandukanye nabandi batose kandi bakwirakwiza inyongeramu, kongeramo PhoSThate abadatwarwa ntabwo bigira ingaruka kuri vicositity ya tu na ICI.
Polyacide homopolymer ikwirakwiza, nka Tamol 1254 na Tamol 850, Tamol 850 ni homopolymer ya metanic acide methacryc. Polyacid Copolymer ikwirakwiza, nka Orotan 731a, akaba ari copolymer ya diishutylene na aside missique. Ibiranga ubwo bwoko bubiri bwabasimbuye ni uko batanga adsorption ikomeye cyangwa bananga hejuru yingurube kandi bafite iminyururu miremire yo kuzenguruka, kandi bamwe bahurizwa n'amazi ku rubanza ruzagerwaho, kandi bamwe bahungiraga kungamira ibintu bya electrostatic kugirango bigerweho. Kugira ngo abatatanye bafite ibyiza bidashoboka, uburemere bwa molekile bugomba kugenzurwa rwose. Niba uburemere bwa molekile ari buto cyane, hazabaho meteri ihagije; Niba uburemere bwa molekale ari bunini cyane, kurira bizabaho. Kuri polyacrylate ipasayi, ingaruka nziza zo gutatanya zirashobora kugerwaho niba urwego rwa polymeri ,s ari 12-18.
Ubundi bwoko bwabasimbuye, nka amp-95, bafite izina rya shimi rya 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-Propanol. Itsinda rya Amino rigurishwa hejuru yibice bidasanzwe, hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl rigera kumazi, rifite uruhare ruhoraho binyuze muri steric mencerance. Bitewe nubunini buke, imbora ya steric ni nkeya. AMP-95 ahanini ni ph redulator.
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi ku bapakiye bwatsinze ikibazo cyo kunyeganyezwa n'uburemere bukabije bwa molekilar, kandi iterambere ry'uburemere bukabije bw'imfuruka ni kimwe mu bigize. Kurugero, uburemere bwinshi bwa molekani ikwirakwizwa efka-4580 byakozwe na emalsion yateguwe cyane kumateka yinganda zishingiye ku nganda, bikwiranye na fatification ishingiye ku mazi, ibereye pigment kama kandi idasanzwe, kandi ifite itandukaniro ry'amazi.
Amatsinda ya Amino afite ubukwe bwiza kuri pigment anyuze muri aside cyangwa aside cyangwa ikunganira hydrogen. Guhagarika Copolymer ikwirakwiza aside aminoacrylikan mugihe itsinda rya Anchoring ryitabwaho.
Ikwirakwizwa hamwe na Dimethylamiethylt methacrylate nkitsinda rya Anchoring
Amatafari ya tego 655 atose kandi akwirakwiza adxotive akoreshwa mumodoka ya mumodoka ntabwo ari intebe gusa ahubwo no gukumira ifu ya aluminium itagengwa namazi.
Kubera ibibazo bishingiye ku bidukikije, ibidukikije biteguye no gutatana abakozi batejwe imbere, nka Enbressing Ae Urukurikirane rwa Twin-selire no gutatanya ibicuruzwa, bikabasinga.
2 DeFomeamer:
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamabara gakondo ashingiye ku mazi, muri rusange bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: ibihuha bya peteroli, ibihuha bya polysiloxane hamwe nandi mashanyarazi.
Amavuta ya mavuta ya moteri asanzwe akoreshwa, cyane cyane mumashusho azengurutse kandi igice cya lapx.
Ibihuru bya Polypiloxeane bifite impagarara zisumbuye, imbaraga zikomeye hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurwanya antifoaming, kandi ntibigira ingaruka mbi, ariko iyo bikoreshejwe nabi, bizatera inenge nkibigabanuka kwa firime yo gutwikira no kugarura nabi.
Ibihuha gakondo bishingiye ku mazi bidahuye nicyiciro cyamazi kugirango tugere ku ntego yo kugabanuka, niko byoroshye kubyara inenge zuzuye muri firime yo kurohama.
Mu myaka yashize, ibinyobwa byo ku rwego rwa molecular byatejwe imbere.
Iyi antifoaming antifoaming ni polymer yakozwe mugushushanya muburyo butaziguye ibintu bifatika kubintu bitwara. Urunigi rwa molecular rwa polymer rufite itsinda ritose, ibintu bifatika bikwirakwizwa kuri molekile, ibintu bikora ntabwo byoroshye gukusanya, kandi guhuza na sisitemu yo kwisiga ni byiza. Ibihe bya molekilar birimo amavuta maremare - urukurikirane rwa foamstar, muri silicon-rurimo - urukurikirane rwa Foamstar, hamwe na polymetor ya silicon, urukurikirane rwa FOAMS.
Bivugwa kandi ko iyi molekamer-urwego rwo kugurisha ikoresha polymer-deplemer nkuko bidahuye, kandi yageze ku bisubizo byiza muri porogaramu zishingiye ku mazi. Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere molecular-squamer byavuzwe na stout et al. ni acetylene glycol ishingiye kugenzurwa na Defomer hamwe na offict zombi zitose, nka surfynol MD 20 na Surfynol DF 37.
Byongeye kandi, kugirango duhuze ibikenewe byo gukora zeru-voc, hariho ibihuha bidafite ishingiro, nka Agitan 315, Agitan e 255, nibindi.
3 Abari b'uburinzi:
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwabaribiri, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa na selile hamwe nibibyimba byayo, ibibyimba bya alkali-bibi (hase) na polyurethane (heur).
3.1. Selile ether hamwe nibibi byayo
Hydroxyyeryl Cellulose (HEC) yatangajwe bwa mbere na sosiyete y'ubumwe mu 1932, kandi ifite amateka mu myaka irenga 70. Kugeza ubu, abahoze ari selile kandi ko bakomoka muri FordroxyIthyl n'ibindi, ibyo ni ibibyimba bitari ionic, kandi ni ibya cyiciro kitazwi. Muri bo, hec niyo ikoreshwa cyane mu irangi ryatinze.
Hydrophobwa yahinduwe fililose (HMHEC) itangiza umubare muto wa Hydrophobic Amatsinda ya Hydrophobic Alkyl kumashanyarazi ya Hydrophilic kugirango abe umugongo wa 330, 331, Bermocoll SG-100, Bermocoll Ehm-100. Ingaruka zayo ziragereranywa niya selile ether the Thickeners hamwe nuburemere bunini bwa molekile. Itezimbere viscosity no kunganirwa kwa ICI, kandi igabanya impagarara z'ubuso, nk'impagarara z'ubuso bwa hec zigera kuri 67mn / m, n'ubuso bwa Hmhec ni 55-65mn / m.
3.2 Alkali-Bwelkener Thickener
Abakinyi ba Alkali-bisumba bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: abahoze ari abarizwa na alkali-yuzuye (ase) hamwe na alkali-yuzuye ibibyimba bya alkali (hase), nibibyimba bya aiyoni. ASE ase ni polyacrylate alkali kubyimba emallion. Hase Case ni hyiswe hydleplotelate alkali kubyimba emallion.
3.3. Polyurethane Thickener na hydrophobically yahinduwe nta-polyinethane wijimye
Polyurethane wijimye, uvugwa nka heur, ni hydrophobic itsinda ryahinduwe mumatsinda polyethane polyurethane y'amazi-polymer, ari mubindi bitingina wincuti. HEUR igizwe n'ibice bitatu: itsinda rya hydrophobic, urunigi rwa hydrophilic na polyurethane. Itsinda rya Hydrophobic rigira uruhare rushinzwe ishyirahamwe kandi ni ikintu gikomeye cyo kubyimba, ubusanzwe OCHILLLPPE, na Dodecyphenyol, na polifphilic itunganya imiti na polyoxrwatsi, nka polyoxrwaryleylene n'ibigo byayo. Urunigi rwa molekile ya Heur yaguye n'amatsinda ya Polyurethane, nka IPDI, TDI na HMDI. Ibiranga imiterere yabahoze ari abarizo ni uko bahagaritswe nitsinda rya hydrophobic. Ariko, urwego rwo gusimbuza amatsinda ya Hydrophobic kumpande zombi ziboneka mubucuruzi ziri munsi ya 0.9, kandi ibyiza ni 1.7 gusa. Ibihe bya reaction bigomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango ubone polyurethane polyurethane hamwe no gukwirakwiza ibiro bigufi bya molecular hamwe nibikorwa bihamye. Ubushishozi bwinshi bugasimbaga muburyo butandukanye, ubwo buryo busanzwe buboneka mubucuruzi buvanga uburemere bugari bwa moleka.
Richey et al. Ikoreshwa rya fluorescent tracer Pyrene Ishyirahamwe (Pat, Umubare w'ibirimo uburemere bwa molecular 30000, uburemere bwa acrysol Agace karimo buri pat Thickener Molecule hejuru yinshuro za latex ni 13 nm2, ijyanye n'akarere karimo umukozi wa gatatu x9 nm2. Inshingano Polyurethane Cyibindi nka RM-2020NPR, DSX 1550, nibindi.
Iterambere ryinshuti zabarije ibidukikije Polyurethane ya Polyurethane ryabitaye cyane. Kurugero, Byk-425 ni voc- na apeo-kubuntu Polyirethane wijimye. Roholate 210, borchi gel 0434, tego viscoplus 3010, 3030 na 3060 ni polyinethane yishyira hamwe na apeo.
Usibye umurongo wisangangepo polyurethane ya Polyurethane wasobanuwe haruguru, hari no kuryamana nka Polyurethane Polyurethane. Ihuriro ryihutirwa rya Polyurethane Thicker bivuze ko hari itsinda ryamazi meza hagati ya buri molekile. Bene nka sckels-200 na sct-275 nibindi.
Hydrophobwa yahinduwe aminoplast ubumwe (hydrophobwa yahinduwe ethoxylas yahinduwe aminoplast-ubushyuhe) ihindura amino idasanzwe mumatsinda ane yafashwe, ariko reactivite yibi bice bine bitwara ibitekerezo biratandukanye. Mubisanzwe byongewe kumatsinda ya hydrophobic, hari amatsinda abiri gusa yahagaritswe, bityo hydrophobic yahinduwe amino ntabwo itandukanye cyane nuwakorewe heurkerents hamwe nitsinda ryinshi ryabutswe. Birumvikana ko iyi nayo ari yo mumamama. Iyi hydrophobic yahinduye amino Thino irashobora kubuza uruhinja rwo guta igihe cyongeyeho umubare munini wa surfactandnates na glycol bivuguruzanya mugihe bihuye namabara yongeyeho. Impamvu nuko amatsinda akomeye ya hydrophobic ashobora kwirinda seleption, kandi amatsinda menshi ya hydrerobic afite ishyirahamwe rikomeye. Bene nka TVS ya TV ya Oppiflo.
Hydrophobic yahinduwe polyether Thickener (HMPE) imikorere ya polytrophobwa yahinduwe hydrophone irasa na heur, nibicuruzwa harimo na heur, kandi ibicuruzwa birimo Aquaflow NLS200, NLS210 na NHS300 ya Hercules.
Uburyo bwabwo bwijimye ningaruka za hydrogène zombi zindi hamwe nishyirahamwe ryamatsinda yanyuma. Ugereranije nababisanzwe, bifite ubuzima bwiza bwo kurwanya no kurwanya imitungo. Dukurikije amayeri atandukanye ya matsinda yanduje, yahinduwe polyireya ya poluyine arashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: Polulay nkeya Polulay, Polularity Polulay Pollyide, Pollyide Pollyide Thickers hamwe pollure ya Polonite. Babiri ba mbere bakoreshwa mu kwinuba bishingiye ku bakennye, mu gihe polhelay yo hejuru ya Polulay ishobora gukoreshwa kuri solalay yo hejuru cyane hamwe n'amavuta ashingiye ku mazi. Ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi bya polarity, polariimie na polherique polanike polyides ni byk-411, byk-410 na Byk-420.
Guhindurwa Polyamide ibishashashara ni uburyo bwo kwinjira mu buryo bwo kumenyekanisha amatsinda ya hydrophilic nka peg mu ruhererekane ruteye isoni y'ibishashara. Kugeza ubu, ibirango bimwe byatumijwe mu mahanga kandi bikoreshwa cyane kugirango uhindure thixotropy ya sisitemu hanyuma utezimbere anti-thixotropy. Kurwanya STI-SAG.
Igihe cyohereza: Nov-22-2022