1 Intangiriro
Ubushinwa bumaze imyaka irenga 20 buteza imbere minisiteri ivanze.By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, inzego za leta zibishinzwe zagize uruhare runini mu iterambere rya minisiteri ivanze kandi itanga politiki ishimishije.Kugeza ubu, mu ntara hari intara n’amakomine birenga 10 byakoresheje minisiteri ivanze.Kurenga 60%, hari inganda zirenga 800 ziteguye kuvangwa na minisiteri hejuru yikigereranyo gisanzwe, gifite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya buri mwaka toni miliyoni 274.Mu 2021, umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa minisiteri isanzwe ivanze yari toni miliyoni 62.02.
Mugihe cyubwubatsi, minisiteri akenshi itakaza amazi menshi kandi ntigire umwanya uhagije namazi yo kuvomera, bikavamo imbaraga zidahagije no kumenagura paste ya sima nyuma yo gukomera.Cellulose ether ni polymer isanzwe ivangwa na minisiteri yumye.Ifite imirimo yo gufata amazi, kubyimba, kudindiza no kwinjiza ikirere, kandi irashobora kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri.
Kugirango minisiteri yujuje ibyangombwa byo gutwara no gukemura ibibazo byo guturika no gukomera gukomeye, ni ngombwa cyane kongeramo selile ether kuri minisiteri.Iyi ngingo irerekana muri make ibiranga selile ether ningaruka zayo kumikorere yibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, twizeye ko bizafasha gukemura ibibazo bijyanye na tekiniki bijyanye na minisiteri ivanze.
2 Intangiriro kuri selile ether
Ether Cellose (Ether Cellose) ikozwe muri selile binyuze muri etherification reaction yumuti umwe cyangwa benshi ba etherification hamwe no gusya byumye.
2.1 Gutondekanya ethers ya selile
Ukurikije imiterere yimiti yabasimbuye ether, ether ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers.Ionic selulose ethers ahanini irimo carboxymethyl selulose ether (CMC);ethers ya ionic selulose ether cyane cyane irimo methyl selulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether (HPMC) na hydroxyethyl fibre Ether (HC) nibindi.Ether idafite ionic igabanijwemo eferi zishonga mumazi na ether-ereux ether.Amashanyarazi adafite ionic ereteri akoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya minisiteri.Imbere ya calcium ion, ionic selulose ethers ntigihungabana, kubwibyo ntibikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bivangwa na minisiteri yumye ikoresha sima, lime yamenetse, nibindi nkibikoresho bya sima.Ether-ionic water-soluble selulose ethers ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi kubera guhagarara kwayo ningaruka zo gufata amazi.
Dukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bya etherification byatoranijwe mugikorwa cya etherification, ibicuruzwa bya selile bya selile birimo methyl selulose, hydroxyethyl selulose, hydroxyethyl methyl selulose, cyanoethyl selulose, carboxymethyl selulose, Ethyl selulose, benzyl selulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose, hydroxyphylylyl fenil selile.
Ether ya selile ikoreshwa muri minisiteri isanzwe irimo methyl selulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl selulose ether (HEMC) na hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HEMC) Muri bo, HPMC na HEMC nizo zikoreshwa cyane.
2.2 Imiterere yimiti ya selile ether
Buri selile ya ether ifite imiterere yibanze ya selile-anhydroglucose.Muburyo bwo gukora selile ya selile, fibre ya selile yabanje gushyukwa mumuti wa alkaline hanyuma ikavurwa na agent ya etherifying.Ibicuruzwa bya fibrous bisukurwa nubutaka kugirango bibe ifu imwe hamwe nubwiza runaka.
Mu musaruro wa MC, methyl chloride yonyine niyo ikoreshwa nka etherifying agent;usibye methyl chloride, okiside ya propylene ikoreshwa no kubona insimburangingo ya hydroxypropyl mu musaruro wa HPMC.Ethers zitandukanye za selile zifite ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusimbuza methyl na hydroxypropyl, bigira ingaruka kumiterere kama nubushyuhe bwa gel ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa selile ya ether.
2.3 Ibiranga iseswa rya selile ether
Ibiranga iseswa rya selile ether bigira uruhare runini mumikorere ya sima ya sima.Ether ya selulose irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere hamwe no kugumana amazi ya sima ya sima, ariko ibi biterwa na ether ya selile iba yuzuye kandi yuzuye mumazi.Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka ku iseswa rya selile ya ether ni igihe cyo gusesa, bikurura umuvuduko nifu nziza.
2.4 Uruhare rwo kurohama muri sima ya sima
Nka nyongera yingirakamaro ya sima, Kurimbura bifite ingaruka mubice bikurikira.
(1) Kunoza imikorere ya minisiteri no kongera ubwiza bwa minisiteri.
Kwinjiza indege ya flame irashobora kubuza minisiteri gutandukana no kubona umubiri wa plastike umwe kandi umwe.Kurugero, ibyumba birimo HEMC, HPMC, nibindi, biroroshye kubutaka bworoshye kandi buhomeka.Igipimo cyogosha, ubushyuhe, kugwa hamwe no gushonga umunyu.
(2) Ifite ingaruka zo guhumeka.
Bitewe n’umwanda, kwinjiza amatsinda mubice bigabanya ingufu zubuso bwibice, kandi biroroshye kwinjiza uduce duto, duhuje kandi twiza muri minisiteri ivanze nubuso bukurura mubikorwa."Ball ball" itezimbere imikorere yubwubatsi bwa minisiteri, igabanya ubuhehere bwa minisiteri kandi igabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa minisiteri.Ibizamini byagaragaje ko iyo kuvanga HEMC na HPMC ari 0.5%, gaze ya minisiteri nini nini, hafi 55%;iyo kuvanga amafaranga arenze 0.5%, ibikubiye muri minisiteri bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro muburyo bwa gaze uko umubare wiyongera.
(3) Ntugahindure.
Ibishashara birashobora gushonga, gusiga amavuta no kubyutsa muri minisiteri, kandi bikoroshya koroshya urwego ruto rwa minisiteri nifu ya pompe.Ntibikenewe kozwa mbere.Nyuma yubwubatsi, ibikoresho bya sima birashobora kandi kugira igihe kirekire cyamazi meza yo gukomeza kuruhande rwinyanja kugirango arusheho guhuza hagati ya minisiteri na substrate.
Ingaruka zo guhindura selile ya selile kubikoresho bishya bishingiye kuri sima ahanini birimo kubyimba, kubika amazi, kwinjiza ikirere no kudindiza.Hamwe nogukoresha cyane ethers ya selile mubikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, imikoranire hagati ya selile na selile ya sima igenda ihinduka ubushakashatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2021