Cellulose ni urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rushobora kuboneka hose muri kamere, rukagira uruhare runini mu miterere n'imikorere y'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ndetse n'ibinyabuzima. Imiterere yihariye kandi ihindagurika yatumye abantu benshi basabwa mu nganda, bituma iba imwe muri biopolymers.
1. Inkomoko ya Cellulose:
Cellulose ikomoka cyane cyane kurukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima, ikora nk'imiterere mu buryo bwa microfibrile. Iboneka mu rukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima dutandukanye, harimo ibiti, ipamba, ikivuguto, flax, jute, n'ibindi byinshi. Inkomoko ziratandukanye mubintu bya selile hamwe nuburyo bwimiterere, bigira ingaruka kubikorwa bitandukanye.
Igiti: Igiti nimwe mumasoko menshi ya selile, hamwe nibiti nka pinusi, igiti, nimbuto zirimo ubwinshi bwa biopolymer. Ikora nkibice byibanze byubatswe murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima twibiti, bitanga imbaraga nubukomezi ku gihingwa.
Ipamba: Fibre fibre igizwe hafi ya selile yose, ikabigira ibikoresho byibanze byo gukora imyenda. Imirongo miremire, fibrous ya selile igira uruhare mu mbaraga, kwinjirira, no guhumeka imyenda y'ipamba, bigatuma iba nziza kumyenda n'imyenda yo murugo.
Hemp na Flax: Fibre ya Hemp na flax nayo ni isoko ikungahaye kuri selile kandi yakoreshejwe mumateka mugukora imyenda. Izi fibre karemano zitanga uburebure, imiterere-yubushuhe, hamwe nibidukikije biramba, bigatuma bigenda byamamara mumyenda yangiza ibidukikije.
Ibindi bikoresho byibimera: Usibye amasoko yavuzwe haruguru, selile irashobora gukurwa mubindi bikoresho bitandukanye by ibihingwa nkimigano, bagasse ibisheke, ububiko bwibigori, nibisigazwa byubuhinzi. Izindi nkomoko zigira uruhare mu musaruro urambye w’ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri selile mu gihe bigabanya gushingira ku ngirabuzimafatizo gakondo ikomoka ku biti.
2.Umutungo wa Cellulose:
Cellulose yerekana ibintu byinshi byihariye bigira uruhare mubikorwa byayo:
Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika: Cellulose irashobora kwangirika, bivuze ko ishobora gusenywa na mikorobe ikabamo ibintu byoroshye nka dioxyde de carbone n'amazi. Uyu mutungo ukora ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selile yangiza ibidukikije, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho guta no gucunga imyanda bireba.
Hydrophilicity: Cellulose ifitanye isano cyane na molekile zamazi bitewe nuko habaho hydroxyl mumatsinda ya molekile. Iyi miterere ya hydrophilique ituma ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selile bifata kandi bigumana amazi, bigatuma bikenerwa nko gukora impapuro, kwambara ibikomere, nibicuruzwa by isuku.
Imbaraga za mashini: Fibre ya selile ifite imbaraga zubukanishi, zitanga igihe kirekire kandi zihanganira ibikoresho bikozwe muri zo. Uyu mutungo ufite agaciro cyane mubisabwa bisaba uburinganire bwimiterere, nko mumyenda, ibihimbano, nibicuruzwa byimpapuro.
Kuvugururwa kandi birambye: Nka biopolymer isanzwe ikomoka ku bimera, selile irashobora kongerwa kandi irambye. Umusaruro wacyo ntushobora gushingira ku bikoresho bya peteroli bitagira ingano kandi birashobora kugira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza karubone iyo biva mu mashyamba acungwa neza ndetse n’ubuhinzi.
3.Uburyo butandukanye bwa Cellulose:
Cellulose isanga ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye, bitewe n'imiterere yihariye kandi itandukanye:
Impapuro nugupakira: Ahari bizwi cyane gukoresha selile ni mubikorwa byimpapuro namakarito. Fibre ya selile ni ibikoresho byibanze bikoreshwa mugukora impapuro, bitanga urwego rwimiterere nibiranga ubuso bukenewe mukwandika, gucapa, no gupakira. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gupakira bishingiye kuri selile bitanga ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kubipfunyika bya pulasitiki gakondo, bigira uruhare mubikorwa birambye.
Imyenda n'imyambaro: Fibre ya selulose iva mu ipamba, ikivuguto, flax, hamwe nandi masoko y’ibimera bazunguruka mu budodo kandi baraboha cyangwa baboha mu myenda yo kwambara, imyenda yo mu rugo, hamwe n’inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda. Impamba, byumwihariko, ni fibre ikoreshwa cyane ya selile mu nganda z’imyenda kubera ubworoherane, guhumeka, hamwe na byinshi. Udushya mu buhanga bwo gutunganya nabwo bwatumye habaho iterambere rya fibre ishingiye kuri selile nka lyocell na modal, itanga imitungo yongerewe inyungu nibidukikije.
Ibikoresho bikomoka ku binyabuzima: Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selile bifite porogaramu mu rwego rwa biomedical medicine, harimo kwambara ibikomere, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa tissue scafolds, uburyo bwo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge, hamwe n’ubuvuzi. Biocompatibilité na biodegradabilite ya selile ituma ibera iyo porogaramu, aho imikoranire na sisitemu y'ibinyabuzima ari ingenzi mu mikorere n'umutekano.
Inganda n’ibiribwa n’imiti: Ibikomoka kuri selile nka ether ya selile (urugero, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose) hamwe na est est selulose (urugero, acetate ya selulose, selitire nitrat) isanga ikoreshwa nkibibyimbye, stabilisateur, emulisiferi, hamwe nogukora firime mubiribwa no gufata imiti. Izi nyongeramusaruro zishingiye kuri selile zitezimbere ubwiza, umutekano muke, hamwe nuburyohe bwibicuruzwa byibiribwa mugihe harebwa uburyo bwo gutanga imiti hamwe nuburinganire bwa dosiye muburyo bwa farumasi.
Ingufu zisubirwamo n’ibinyabuzima: Biyomasi ikungahaye kuri selile ikora nk'amatungo yo kubyara ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu na biyogi binyuze mu nzira nka gaze ya biyomasi, fermentation, na hydrolysis ya enzymatique. Ethanol ya selile, ikomoka ku kwangirika kwa selile, itanga ubundi buryo burambye ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima kandi bigira uruhare mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Ibikoresho bikomatanya: Fibre ya selile yinjizwa mubikoresho bigamije kuzamura imiterere yubukorikori nkimbaraga, gukomera, no kurwanya ingaruka. Izi selile zishingiye kuri selile zisanga porogaramu mubice byimodoka, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo muri siporo, nibicuruzwa bya siporo, bitanga ubundi buryo bworoshye kandi bwangiza ibidukikije kubikoresho bisanzwe.
Cellulose, nka biopolymer karemano yuzuye murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima, ifite ibintu byihariye hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye mubikorwa byinganda. Kuva mu gukora impapuro n’imyenda kugeza ku binyabuzima n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, selile igira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye no guhanga udushya mu nzego zitandukanye. Gukomeza ubushakashatsi niterambere ryikoranabuhanga mugutunganya selile no kuyikoresha bitanga amasezerano yo kwagura ibikorwa byayo no gukemura ibibazo byisi yose bijyanye no kubungabunga umutungo no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Mu gihe sosiyete ikomeje gushyira imbere kuramba no kwita ku bidukikije, ibikoresho bishingiye kuri selile biteguye kugira uruhare runini mu gushiraho ejo hazaza heza kandi harambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-06-2024