1. Gukenera kugumana amazi
Ubwoko bwose bwibanze busaba minisiteri kugirango ubwumvikane bufite urwego runaka rwo kwinjiza amazi. Nyuma yurwego ruse rufata amazi muri minisiteri, kubwumvikane bwa mirtar buzabikwa, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, cyane cyane imbaraga hagati ya minisiteri itoroshye, bituma minisiteri ikanamiye ikagwa. Niba minisiteri ya plastar ikora imikorere y'amazi, ntishobora gusa kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi ya minisiteri, ariko kandi binone amazi muri minisiteri bigoye guhugukira kumurongo fatizo kandi akareba imikino ihagije yo kwihitiramo sima.
2. Ibibazo bifite uburyo gakondo bwo kugumana amazi.
Igisubizo gakondo nukuvomera urufatiro, ariko ntibishoboka kwemeza ko urufatiro rumurikiwe. Intego nziza ya Sydtion ya sima ya CEVER kuri shingiro ni uko sima yamashanyarazi akuramo amazi hamwe na shingiro, yinjira mu rufatiro, kandi igira "ihuza rifatika, kugirango ugere ku mbaraga zisabwa. Kuvomera neza hejuru yifatizo bizatera gutanya gukomeye mumazi yinjira mu mazi kubera itandukaniro ryubushyuhe, amazi, no kuvomera uburinganire. Urufatiro rufite amazi make kandi ruzakomeza gukuramo amazi muri minisiteri. Mbere yuko Symetion igenda, amazi ashingiye, agira ingaruka ku mazi ya siveme no kwinjira mu bicuruzwa bya hydtion muri matrix; Urufatiro rufite amazi menshi, kandi amazi muri mirtar atemba kuruhande. Umuvuduko wo kwimuka uciriritse uratinda, ndetse nigice gikize amazi gishinzwe hagati ya minisiteri na matrix, nabyo bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga. Kubwibyo, ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvomera bashingiye ku buzima ntibushobora kunanirwa gukemura ikibazo cyamazi menshi yinjiza urukuta, ariko bizagira ingaruka ku mbaraga zibanga hagati ya minisiteri hamwe na shingiro, bikavamo ubujura.
3. Ibisabwa by'imiti itandukanye yo kugumana amazi
Ibipimo byo kugumana amazi yo guhobera ibicuruzwa bya perter bikoreshwa ahantu runaka no mubice bifite ubushyuhe busa nubushuhe byatanzwe hepfo.
① shima cyane amazi ya plastar perezida
Ibibuga byinshi bireba bigereranwa na beto yashizwe mu kirere, harimo n'uburinganire bw'ikirere, birimo ibishushanyo bitandukanye, n'ibindi, gira ibiranga amazi menshi kandi igihe kirekire. Umubumbe wa plasterkin yakoreshwaga muri ubu buryo buse buse bugomba kugira igipimo cyo kugumana amazi atari munsi ya 88%.
②low yinjira mumazi ya plastar pertar
Gusohora amazi make bihagarariwe nintangiriro ya beto, harimo imbaho za polystyrene yo kwigana urukuta rwo hanze, nibindi, gira amazi make ugereranije namazi. Mristar ya plasterkin ikoreshwa kuri nkaya igomba kuba ifite igipimo cyo kugumana amazi atari munsi ya 88%.
③thin layer pesterting mirtar
Amashanyarazi yoroheje yerekeza kubwubatsi bwa plastering hamwe nubunini bwa plastering igiceri hagati ya mm 3 na 8. Ubu bwoko bwubwubatsi buroroshye gutakaza ubushuhe kubera urwego ruto, rugira ingaruka ku gikorwa n'imbaraga. Kuko minisiteri yakoreshejwe kuri ubu bwoko bwo gutondeka, igipimo cyo kugumana amazi ntabwo ari munsi ya 99%.
④thick Layer Presstant Mirtar
Amashanyarazi manini yerekeza kubwubatsi bwa plaster aho ubunini bwikirenga kimwe buri hagati ya 8mm na 20mm. Ubu bwoko bwo kubaka ntabwo bworoshye gutakaza amazi kubera igice kinini cya plastersing, bityo igipimo cyo kugumana amazi ntigomba kuba munsi ya 88%.
Lattle
Ibikoresho birwanya amazi bikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya ultra-yoroheje, kandi ubunini rusange bwubwubatsi butari hagati ya 1 na 2mm. Ibikoresho nkibi bisaba imitungo yo kugumana amazi menshi kugirango tubone ibikorwa byabo nubukwe. Ku bikoresho bihanishwa, igipimo cyo kugumana amazi ntigomba kuba munsi ya 99%, kandi igipimo cyo gutukwa amazi yo gushishikarizwa inkuta zo hanze zigomba kuba zirenze iy'inkire z'imbere.
4. Ubwoko bwibikoresho bigumana amazi
Selile ether
1) methyl selile (mc)
2) hydroxypropyl methyl selile (HPMC)
3) Hydroxyyeryll selile ether (hec)
4) carboxymethyl selile ether (cmc)
5) Hydroxyyethyy Methyl Cellulose Ether (Hemc)
Akantu
1) Gabanya
2) Guar ether
Guhindura amazi yubuhanga-kugumana ubudodo (Montnoriillonite, Bentonite, nibindi)
Batanu, ibikurikira byibanda kumikorere yibikoresho bitandukanye
1. Ubumwe bwa selile
1.1 Incamake ya selile
Uburenganzira bwa Cellulose ni ijambo rusange ryeruye ibicuruzwa byashyizweho na reaction ya selile ya selile ya alkali nubutegetsi mubihe bimwe. Abahanga ba selire batandukanye barabonetse kuko fibre ya alkali yasimbuwe nabakozi bahoraga. Nk'uko byatangajwe n'imiterere ya ionesation by'abasimbuye, abakoresha selile barashobora kugabanywa mu byiciro bibiri: Ionic, nka Carboxymethyl TOLLECOLOSE (CMC), na Methyl selile (MC).
Dukurikije ubwoko bw'abasimbuye, abashiraho selile barashobora kwigabanyamo imiryango, nka Methyl selile (MC), na ba ba ba sekuruza bavanze, nka hydrogisiethyyl Carboxymethyl COLLECHIL (HECMC). Ukurikije ibishushanyo bitandukanye birashonga, birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: gushonga amazi hamwe na kano.
1.2 Ubwoko bwa selile nkuru
Carboxymethylcellsellse (CMC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 0.4-1.4; Umukozi wa kure, acide monooxyasitike; gushonga, amazi;
Carboxymethyl hydroxyyethyl selile (cmhec), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 0.7-1.0;; Umukozi wa Agent, Monooxyasitictiketike, Acide, Ethylene oxide; gushonga, amazi;
Methycellsellse (MC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.5-2.4; Umukozi wabuze, chloride ya methyl; gushonga, amazi;
Hydroxyyeryl selile (hec), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.3-3.0;; Umukozi wabuze, Ethylene oxide; gushonga, amazi;
Hydroxyyethyy Methylcellsellse (Hemc), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.5-2.0; Umukozi uhura, Ethylene oxide, chloride ya methyl; gushonga, amazi;
HydroxyPropyl Cellulose (HPC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 2.5-3.5; Umukozi ushimishije, okiside ya proppide; gushonga, amazi;
HydroxyPropyl Methylcellse (HPMC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.5-2.0; Umukozi uhura, imyanda ya proppide, chloride ya methyl; gushonga, amazi;
Ethyl selile (EC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 2.3-2.6; Umukozi wa Etherac, Monochloroethane; gushonga soling, umuti wa kama;
Etyl HydroxyAythyl Cellulose (Ehec), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 2.4-2.8; Umukozi wa Etherac, Monochloroethane, Oxylene oxide; gushonga soling, umuti wa kama;
1.3 Imitungo ya selile
1.3.1 methyl selile ether (mc)
①methylcellse arashonga mumazi akonje, kandi bizagorana gusesa mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye cyane murwego rwa PH = 3-12. Ifite neza hamwe nigitako, Guar gum, nibindi nibindi byinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe bugera ku bushyuhe bwa gelale, pelation ibaho.
Othena yo kugumana amazi ya methylcellseliulose biterwa namafaranga yiyongera, viscosiya, ubushyari nubucamu. Mubisanzwe, niba umubare wo kongeweho ari munini, ibyiza ni bito, kandi virusi ni nini, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mazi riri hejuru. Muri bo, umubare w'inyongera ufite ingaruka zikomeye ku kugumana amazi, naho ubushyuhe bwo hasi butagereranywa n'urwego rwo kugumana amazi. Igipimo cyo gusebanya cyane cyane giterwa nurwego rwo guhindura hejuru yubuso bwa selire hamwe nibyiza. Mu ba bahanganye na selile, Methyl selile ifite igipimo cyo kugumana amazi menshi.
③ Guhindura ubushyuhe bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku muvuduko w'amazi wa methyl selilese. Mubisanzwe, hejuru yubushyuhe, ihohoterwa rikabije. Niba ubushyuhe bwa minisiteri burenze 40 ° C, Kugumana Amazi bya Methyl Tlillease bizaba bikennye cyane, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubakwa kuri minisiteri.
④ Methyl selile bigize ingaruka zikomeye mu kubaka no kwizihiza minisiteri. "Imyitozo" ikubiyemo imbaraga zifatika zumvaga hagati yigikoresho cyo gusabana nurukuta, ni ukuvuga ko kurwanya minisiteri. Kubungabunga ni byinshi, gukinga kwa minisiteri ni manini, kandi abakozi bakeneye imbaraga nyinshi mu gihe cyo gukoresha, kandi imikorere yubwubatsi ya minisiteri iba umukene. Methyl Adherilose Ashesion ari kurwego ruciriritse mubicuruzwa bya selile.
1.3.2 hydroxypropyl methyl Methellose Ether (HPMC)
HydroxyPropyl Methylcellse ni ibicuruzwa bya fibre bisohora kandi ibiyobyabwenge biriyongera vuba mumyaka yashize.
Ni selile itari ionic ivanze ether yakozwe mu ipamba inoze nyuma ya alkaliation, ukoresheje ibyatsi bya propalide na methyl nk'abakozi bashya, kandi binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Urwego rwo gusimbuza ni 1.5-2.0. Imitungo yayo iratandukanye kubipimo bitandukanye bya uburyo na hydroxyproppopyl. Ibirimo byinshi hamwe na hydroxyproppoxl, imikorere iri hafi ya methyl selile. Ibirimo bike na hydroxyproppoxl, imikorere iri hafi ya hydroxyPropyl selile.
① Ikirenge cya Methylcellellse birashonga byoroshye mumazi akonje, kandi bizaba bigoye gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Ariko ubushyuhe bwa pelale mumazi ashyushye burenze ivya methyl selile. Kudakemura mumazi akonje nabyo birateye imbere cyane ugereranije na methyl selile.
② vicosity ya hydroxyproppopyl methylcellsellse ifitanye isano nuburemere bwayo, kandi hejuru yuburemere bwa molekile, hejuru yuburemere. Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kandi ku rubyiruko, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, vicosity igabanuka. Ariko viscosity yayo ntabwo igira ingaruka kubushyuhe kuruta methyl selile. Igisubizo cyacyo kirahagaze mugihe kibitswe mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Ohereza amazi ya hydroxyPropyl methylcellse biterwa namafaranga yiyongera, vino, nibindi bipimo byayo mumafaranga yinyongera ari hejuru ya methyl selile.
④kydroxppepyl methylcellse ihamye acide na alkali, hamwe nigisubizo cyacyo gihamye cyane murwego rwa PH = 2-12. Amazi ya Caustic Soda na Lime ntacyo afite ku mikorere yacyo, ariko alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ryongerera ubuyobe. HydroxyPropyl Methylcellse irahamye muminyuhuri isanzwe, ariko iyo kwibanda ku gisubizo cyumunyu hejuru, viscogity ya hydroxyPropyl methylcellse igisubizo gikunda kwiyongera.
⑤ Ikirenge cya MethylcellProse birashobora kuvangwa n'amazi polymes yo gusohora amazi kugirango akore igisubizo kimwe kandi kibonerana hamwe na viscosity yo hejuru. Nka Polyvinyl Inzoga, ibikatsi bya Ether, gum yimboga, nibindi
⑥ hydroxypropyl methylcellse ifite enzyme nziza kuruta methylcelllliulose, kandi igisubizo cyacyo ntigishobora guteshwa agaciro nimisemburo kuruta methylcellse.
Othehesion ya HydroxyPropyl Methylcellse kugirango ubwubatsi bwa minisiteri buruta iya Mithylcellse.
1.3.3 HydroxyAythyl Cellulose Ether (HEC)
Ikozwe mu ipamba yatunganijwe yavuwe na Alkali, kandi yabyakiriye okiside okiside ya Ethyne nk'abakozi bahobera imbere ya Acetone. Urwego rwo gusimbuza ni 1.5-2.0. Ifite hydrofilire ikomeye kandi biroroshye gukuramo ubushuhe.
①khydroxyeryyl selile irashonga mumazi akonje, ariko biragoye gusezerera mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyacyo kirahamye ku bushyuhe burebure nta na umwelle. Irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri minisiteri, ariko kugumana amazi biri hasi kurenza ibya methyl selile.
Goddroxyyeryl selile irahamye aside rusange na alkali. Alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ryongerera ubuyobe. Gutagira nabi mumazi birababaje gato kurenza ibya Methyl Celllease na HydroxyPropyl Methyl Cellulose.
Godhyyinethyyl selile ifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya minisiteri, ariko ifite igihe kirekire cyo kuditana.
Imikorere ya HydroxyAythyl Cellulose yakozwe n'inganda zo mu rugo biragaragara ko iri munsi ya methyl selile yatewe n'ibirimo byinshi n'ibirimo byinshi.
1.3. Urwego rwo gusimburwa ni 0.4-14, kandi imikorere yacyo igira ingaruka ku rwego rwo gusimburwa.
①CARBoxymethyrl selile ni hygroscopic cyane, kandi izaba irimo amazi menshi mugihe abitswe mubihe rusange.
Godhyxyymethyy igisubizo cyamazebwe ntigishobora kubyara Gel, kandi virusi izagabanuka hamwe no kongera ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50 ℃, viscosity ntasubirwaho.
Guharanira umutekano kwayo cyane na PH. Mubisanzwe, irashobora gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye ku nshinge, ariko ntabwo muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri sima. Iyo alkaline cyane, itakaza vino.
Kugumana amazi yacyo biri munsi yubwa methyl selile. Ifite ingaruka zidindiza kuri minisiteri ishingiye kuri Gypsum kandi igabanya imbaraga. Ariko, igiciro cya carboxymethyl selile irari munsi cyane kurenza iya methyl selile.
2. Gabanya yahinduwe ether
Ibice bya Ibinyamisogwe muri rusange bikoreshwa mu miryango byahinduwe bivuye muri polmers karemano ya polysacchaside. Nk'ibihoro, ibigori, imyumbati, ibishyimbo by'urunda, n'ibindi byahinduwe mu bashimyi batandukanye bahinduwe. Ibice byatangajwe bikoreshwa muri minisiteri ni HydroxyPropyl Gabanya Amashanyarazi Ether, Hydroxymethyyl Garike, nibindi
Mubisanzwe, ibikatsi bahindura ibirayi, ibigori, n'imyumbati bikaba bigabana cyane amazi kuruta aba bahanganye na selile. Kubera urwego rutandukanye rwo guhindura, rwerekana imbaraga zitandukanye kuri aside na alkali. Ibicuruzwa bimwe birakwiriye gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye ku bashanga, mu gihe abandi badashobora gukoreshwa mu mico ishingiye ku nyenga. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibinyamisoma ether muri minisiteri bikoreshwa cyane nkuwabyimbye wo kunoza imitungo yo kurwanya minisiteri, kugabanya imitungo ya minisiteri yo kurwanya minisiteri, kugabanya amashanyarazi ya minisiteri itose, hanyuma ugabanye igihe cyo gufungura.
Ibice byashizweho bikunze gukoreshwa hamwe na selile, bikaviramo imitungo yuzuzanya nibyiza byibicuruzwa byombi. Kuva udusimba twibumbaho bihendutse cyane kuruta selile, gusaba ibikatsi bituma intu kuri minisiteri izazana kugabanuka kwinshi mubiciro bya mirtar.
3. Guar gum ether
Guar gum ether nubwoko bwa polysacride yangiritse hamwe nibintu byihariye, bihindurwa mubishyimbo bisanzwe. Ahanini binyuze muburyo bworoshye hagati yimikorere ya koar na acryction bikubiyemo amatsinda 2-hydroxyPropyl yashinzwe, nimwe mumiterere ya Polygalactannose.
①Compred na selile ether, gur gum ether biroroshye gusesa mumazi. Ph mubyukuri nta ngaruka afite kumurimo wa Guar gum ether.
Kugabanya ibisabwa byo hejuru cyane na dosage nkeya, gum irashobora gusimbuza selile mumafaranga angana, kandi afite ihohoterwa risa. Ariko guhuzagurika, kurwanya sag, thixotropy nibindi biragaragara ko byateye imbere.
Gutanga ibisabwa muri viscosity hamwe na dosage nini, gum gum ntishobora gusimbuza selile, kandi gukoresha bivanze byombi bizatanga imikorere myiza.
Gusaba gum gum muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri Gypsum birashobora kugabanya cyane ubukwe mugihe cyubwubatsi no gutuma twubaka. Ntabwo ifite ingaruka mbi mugihe cyo gushinga n'imbaraga za minisiteri ya Gypsum.
⑤ Iyo Guar gum ikoreshwa mu bubiko bwa sima ashingiye ku bumenyi bwa sima, bushobora gusimbuza selire mu mubare ungana, kandi buhimba kuri minisiteri hamwe no kurwanya neza, Thixtropy n'ubworozi bwo kubaka.
⑥ Meriyoni hamwe na virusi ikomeye n'ibintu byinshi byamazi bigumana umukozi, gum na selile ether bazakorera hamwe kugirango bagere ku bisubizo byiza.
⑦ gum gum irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa nka tile yimeza, ubutaka bwo kwishyira hamwe, ibikoresho birwanya amazi, na minisiteri yubutegetsi bwamazi.
4. Yahinduye amazi yubuhanga-agumana ubumwe
Amazi agumana amazi yakozwe mu mabuye y'agaciro binyuze mu guhindura no kwiyongera yakoreshejwe mu Bushinwa. Amabuye y'agaciro nyamukuru akoreshwa mu gutegura ibibyimba by'amazi ni: Setolelite, Bentonite, Montnonite, Mantral, n'ibindi. Amabuye y'agaciro, n'ibindi. Ubu bwoko bwo kugumana amazi yakoresheje minisiteri ifite ibiranga ibi bikurikira.
① Birashobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya minisiteri isanzwe, kandi ukemuke ibibazo byo kuba imbibi za sima, imbaraga nke za minisiteri ivanze, kandi irwanya amazi.
Ibicuruzwa byimikorere hamwe nimbaraga zinyuranye zinganda zinganda zinganda zinganda zinganda zirashobora gushyirwaho.
Igiciro cyibikoresho ni gito.
Kugumana Amazi biri hasi kurenza abashinzwe kugumana amazi meza, hamwe nigiciro cyumye cya minisiteri yateguwe ni kinini, kandi ubumwe bwagabanutse.
Igihe cya nyuma: Werurwe-03-2023