1. Gukenera gufata amazi
Ubwoko bwose bwibanze busaba minisiteri yo kubaka bifite urwego runaka rwo kwinjiza amazi. Nyuma yuko igipande fatizo kimaze gufata amazi muri minisiteri, ubwubatsi bwa minisiteri buzangirika, kandi mugihe gikomeye, ibikoresho bya simaitima muri minisiteri ntibizaba byuzuye neza, bikavamo imbaraga nke, cyane cyane imbaraga zintera hagati ya minisiteri ikomeye. nigice fatizo, gitera minisiteri kumeneka no kugwa. Niba pompe ya pompe ifite imikorere ikwiye yo gufata amazi, ntishobora gusa kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi bwa minisiteri, ahubwo irashobora no gutuma amazi yo muri minisiteri atoroha kuyakirwa nigice cyibanze kandi bigatuma sima ihagije.
2. Ibibazo hamwe nuburyo bwo gufata amazi gakondo
Igisubizo gakondo nuhira amazi, ariko ntibishoboka kwemeza ko urufatiro rwuzuye neza. Intego nziza yo gufata neza ya sima ya sima kuri base ni uko ibicuruzwa biva muri sima bikurura amazi hamwe nigitereko, byinjira mukibanza, kandi bigakora "urufunguzo rukomeye" hamwe nurufatiro, kugirango bigere ku mbaraga zisabwa. Kuvomera neza hejuru yikibanza bizatera gutatanya gukomeye kwifata ryamazi kubera itandukaniro ryubushyuhe, igihe cyo kuvomera, hamwe no kuvomera kimwe. Urufatiro rufite amazi make kandi ruzakomeza kwinjiza amazi muri minisiteri. Mbere yuko hydrata ya sima ikomeza, amazi arinjira, bigira ingaruka kumazi ya sima no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa biva muri matrise; shingiro rifite amazi manini, kandi amazi yo muri minisiteri atemba. Umuvuduko wo kwimuka uringaniye uratinda, ndetse nigice kinini cyamazi kiba hagati ya minisiteri na matrix, nabyo bigira ingaruka kumubano. Kubwibyo, gukoresha uburyo rusange bwo kuvomerera ntibizananirwa gukemura neza ikibazo cyokunywa amazi menshi hejuru yurukuta, ahubwo bizagira ingaruka kumubano uhuza minisiteri nigitereko, bikavamo gutoboka no gucika.
3. Ibisabwa bya minisiteri itandukanye yo kubika amazi
Igipimo cyo gufata amazi kigamije guhomesha ibicuruzwa bya minisiteri bikoreshwa mu gace runaka no mu bice bifite ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe busa birasabwa hano hepfo.
①Ibikoresho byinshi byo kwinjiza amazi substrate ya plaster
Amazi menshi yo kwinjiza amazi agereranwa na beto yashizwemo n'umwuka, harimo imbaho zitandukanye zicamo ibice byoroheje, blok, nibindi, bifite ibiranga kwinjiza amazi manini kandi igihe kirekire. Amabati yo gupompa akoreshwa kuri ubu bwoko bwibanze agomba kugira igipimo cyo gufata amazi kitari munsi ya 88%.
②Kureka amazi yo gukuramo substrate ya plaster
Amazi yo kwinjiza amazi make agereranwa na beto-yashizwemo, harimo imbaho za polystirene zo gukingira urukuta rwo hanze, nibindi, bifite amazi make ugereranije. Amabati yo gupompa akoreshwa kuri substrate agomba kuba afite igipimo cyo gufata amazi kitari munsi ya 88%.
HinIki gipimo cyo guhomeka
Gucomeka neza bivuga ubwubatsi bwo guhomesha hamwe nuburebure bwa plastike hagati ya mm 3 na 8. Ubu bwoko bwo guhomesha biroroshye gutakaza ubuhehere bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhomesha, bigira ingaruka kumikorere n'imbaraga. Kuri minisiteri ikoreshwa kuri ubu bwoko bwo guhomesha, igipimo cyayo cyo gufata amazi ntikiri munsi ya 99%.
④Icyuma gipima plaque
Gupompa ibice byimbitse bivuga ubwubatsi bwo guhomesha aho ubunini bwurwego rumwe rushyirwa hagati ya 8mm na 20mm. Ubu bwoko bwo guhomesha ntabwo byoroshye gutakaza amazi kubera igipande cyinshi cyo guhomesha, bityo igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya minisiteri yo gupompa ntigomba kuba munsi ya 88%.
Put Amazi adashobora kwihanganira amazi
Amazi adashobora kwihanganira amazi akoreshwa nkibikoresho byo guhomesha ultra-thin, kandi ubunini bwubwubatsi muri rusange buri hagati ya 1 na 2mm. Ibikoresho nkibi bisaba kubika amazi menshi cyane kugirango bikore neza kandi bihuze imbaraga. Kubikoresho byashyizwemo, igipimo cyacyo cyo gufata amazi ntigomba kuba munsi ya 99%, kandi igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya putty kurukuta rwinyuma kigomba kuba kinini kuruta icyashizwe kurukuta rwimbere.
4. Ubwoko bwibikoresho bigumana amazi
Cellulose ether
1) Methyl selulose ether (MC)
2) Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
3) Hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HEC)
4) Carboxymethyl selulose ether (CMC)
5) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HEMC)
Ether
1) Guhindura ibinyamisogwe ether
2) Guar ether
Guhindura imyunyu ngugu-igumana umubyimba (montmorillonite, bentonite, nibindi)
Gatanu, ibikurikira byibanda kumikorere yibikoresho bitandukanye
1. Cellulose ether
1.1 Incamake ya Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether nijambo rusange ryuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa byakozwe nigisubizo cya alkali selile na agent ya etherification mubihe bimwe. Ether zitandukanye za selile ziboneka kuberako fibre ya alkali isimburwa nibintu bitandukanye bya etherification. Ukurikije imiterere ya ionisation yabasimbuye, ethers ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ionic, nka carboxymethyl selulose (CMC), na nonionic, nka methyl selulose (MC).
Ukurikije ubwoko bwibisimburwa, ether ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo monoethers, nka methyl selulose ether (MC), hamwe na ethers ivanze, nka hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl selulose ether (HECMC). Ukurikije ibishishwa bitandukanye irashonga, irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: gushonga amazi na organic solvent-soluble.
1.2 Ubwoko bwibanze bwa selile
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 0.4-1.4; umukozi wa etherification, aside monooxyacetic; gushonga, amazi;
Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl selulose (CMHEC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 0.7-1.0; umukozi wa etherification, aside monooxyacetic, okiside ya Ethylene; gushonga, amazi;
Methylcellulose (MC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.5-2.4; umukozi wa etherification, methyl chloride; gushonga, amazi;
Hydroxyethyl selulose (HEC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.3-3.0; umukozi wa etherification, okiside ya Ethylene; gushonga, amazi;
Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.5-2.0; umukozi wa etherification, okiside ya Ethylene, methyl chloride; gushonga, amazi;
Hydroxypropyl selile (HPC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 2.5-3.5; umukozi wa etherification, okiside ya propylene; gushonga, amazi;
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 1.5-2.0; umukozi wa etherification, okiside ya propylene, methyl chloride; gushonga, amazi;
Ethyl selulose (EC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 2.3-2.6; umukozi wa etherification, monochloroethane; gushonga ibishishwa, ibishishwa kama;
Ethyl hydroxyethyl selulose (EHEC), urwego rufatika rwo gusimbuza: 2.4-2.8; umukozi wa etherification, monochloroethane, okiside ya Ethylene; gushonga ibishishwa, ibishishwa kama;
1.3 Ibyiza bya selile
1.3.1 Methyl selulose ether (MC)
EtMethylcellulose irashonga mumazi akonje, kandi bizagorana gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyamazi cyacyo kirahagaze neza murwego rwa PH = 3-12. Ifite guhuza neza na krahisi, guar gum, nibindi byinshi na surfactants. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwa gelation, gelation iba.
Kubika amazi ya methylcellulose biterwa nubunini bwiyongereye, ubwiza, ubwiza bwikigereranyo nigipimo cyo gusesa. Mubisanzwe, niba umubare wongeyeho ari munini, ubwiza ni buto, kandi ubwiza ni bunini, kubika amazi ni byinshi. Muri byo, ingano y’inyongera igira ingaruka zikomeye ku gufata amazi, kandi ubukonje buke ntabwo bugereranywa n’urwego rwo gufata amazi. Igipimo cyo guseswa ahanini biterwa nurwego rwo guhindura isura ya selile na selile nziza. Muri ethers ya selile, methyl selulose ifite igipimo kinini cyo gufata amazi.
ChangeIhinduka ry'ubushyuhe rizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku kigero cyo gufata amazi ya methyl selile. Mubisanzwe, uko ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko gufata amazi ari bibi. Niba ubushyuhe bwa minisiteri burenze 40 ° C, kugumana amazi ya methyl selulose bizaba bibi cyane, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku iyubakwa rya minisiteri.
Yl Methyl selulose igira ingaruka zikomeye mukubaka no gufatira minisiteri. “Gufatanya” hano bivuga imbaraga zifatika zumvikana hagati yigikoresho gisaba umukozi nu rukuta, ni ukuvuga kurwanya inkovu. Kwizirika hejuru ni byinshi, kurwanya ubukana bwa minisiteri nini, kandi abakozi bakeneye imbaraga nyinshi mugihe cyo gukoresha, kandi imikorere yubwubatsi bwa minisiteri iba mibi. Methyl selile yifata iri murwego ruciriritse mubicuruzwa bya selile.
1.3.2 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nigicuruzwa cya fibre umusaruro nogukoresha byiyongera vuba mumyaka yashize.
Ni selile idafite ionic ivanze na ether ikozwe mu ipamba itunganijwe nyuma ya alkalisation, ikoresheje okiside ya propylene na methyl chloride nkibikoresho bya etherification, kandi binyuze mubisubizo. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 1.5-2.0. Imiterere yacyo iratandukanye bitewe numubare utandukanye wibintu bya mikorobe na hydroxypropyl. Ibikoresho byinshi bya vitamine hamwe na hydroxypropyl nkeya, imikorere iri hafi ya methyl selile; ibirimo vitamine nkeya hamwe na hydroxypropyl nyinshi, imikorere iri hafi ya hydroxypropyl selile.
YHydroxypropyl methylcellulose irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi akonje, kandi bizagorana gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Ariko ubushyuhe bwa gelation mumazi ashyushye buri hejuru cyane ugereranije na methyl selile. Ubushyuhe bwo mumazi akonje nabwo buratera imbere cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose.
② Ubukonje bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bufitanye isano n'uburemere bwacyo, kandi uko uburemere bwa molekile bugenda bwiyongera. Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka ku bwenge bwabwo, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ubukonje bugabanuka. Ariko ububobere bwayo ntibwatewe nubushyuhe burenze methyl selulose. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye iyo kibitswe mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
RetGufata amazi ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose biterwa n’ubwiyongere bwayo, ubukonje, n’ibindi, kandi igipimo cy’amazi yo kugumana amazi angana kuriya cyiyongereye kiri hejuru ya methyl selulose.
YHydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihamye kuri aside na alkali, kandi igisubizo cyayo cyamazi kirahagaze neza murwego rwa PH = 2-12. Caustic soda n'amazi ya lime ntacyo bihindura kumikorere yabyo, ariko alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ikongerera gato ububobere bwayo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihagaze neza kumunyu usanzwe, ariko iyo ubunini bwumuti wumunyu mwinshi, ubwiza bwumuti wa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bikunda kwiyongera.
YHydroxypropyl methylcellulose irashobora kuvangwa na polymer zishonga amazi kugirango bibe igisubizo kimwe kandi kiboneye hamwe nubwiza bwinshi. Nka alcool ya polyvinyl, ibinyamisogwe ether, amase y'imboga, nibindi.
⑥ Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya enzyme kurusha methylcellulose, kandi igisubizo cyacyo ntigishobora guteshwa agaciro na enzymes kuruta methylcellulose.
AdGufatanya na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kubaka minisiteri birenze ibya methylcellulose.
1.3.3 Hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HEC)
Ikozwe mu ipamba itunganijwe ivurwa na alkali, ikanakoreshwa na okiside ya Ethylene nka etherification agent imbere ya acetone. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 1.5-2.0. Ifite hydrophilicity ikomeye kandi byoroshye gukuramo ubuhehere.
Yd Hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje, ariko biragoye gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye mubushyuhe bwo hejuru nta geli. Irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri minisiteri, ariko kubika amazi yayo biri munsi yubwa methyl selile.
Yd Hydroxyethyl selulose ihagaze neza kuri aside rusange na alkali. Alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ikongerera gato ubwiza bwayo. Ikwirakwizwa ryayo mumazi ni mabi cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose.
YHydroxyethyl selulose ifite imikorere irwanya anti-sag kuri minisiteri, ariko ifite igihe kirekire cyo kudindiza sima.
PerformanceImikorere ya hydroxyethyl selulose ikorwa ninganda zimwe na zimwe zo murugo biragaragara ko iri munsi yubwa methyl selulose kubera amazi menshi hamwe n ivu ryinshi.
1.3.4. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 0.4-1.4, kandi imikorere yarwo igira ingaruka cyane kurwego rwo gusimburwa.
①Carboxymethyl selulose ni hygroscopique cyane, kandi izaba irimo amazi menshi mugihe abitswe mubihe rusange.
SolutionHydroxymethyl selulose yumuti wamazi ntuzabyara gel, kandi ubukonje buzagabanuka niyongera ryubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50 ℃, ibishishwa ntibisubirwaho.
Stability Guhagarara kwayo bigira ingaruka cyane kuri pH. Mubisanzwe, irashobora gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri gypsumu, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri sima. Iyo alkaline nyinshi, itakaza ubukonje.
Ret Kubungabunga amazi yayo biri hasi cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose. Ifite ingaruka mbi kuri gypsumu ishingiye kuri minisiteri kandi igabanya imbaraga zayo. Nyamara, igiciro cya carboxymethyl selulose kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na methyl selile.
2. Guhindura ibinyamisogwe ether
Ethers ya krahisi ikoreshwa muri minisiteri ihindurwa kuva polymers karemano ya polysaccharide. Nkibirayi, ibigori, imyumbati, ibishyimbo bya guar, nibindi byahinduwe muburyo butandukanye bwahinduwe. Amashanyarazi ya krahisi akunze gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ni hydroxypropyl krahisi ether, hydroxymethyl starch ether, nibindi.
Mubisanzwe, ibinyamisogwe byahinduwe bivuye mubirayi, ibigori, n imyumbati bifite amazi make cyane ugereranije na selile. Kubera urwego rutandukanye rwo guhindura, yerekana ituze ritandukanye kuri aside na alkali. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bikwiriye gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri gypsumu, mugihe ibindi bidashobora gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri sima. Ikoreshwa rya krahisi ya ether muri minisiteri ikoreshwa cyane nkibyimbye kugirango itezimbere imitungo irwanya kugabanuka ya minisiteri, kugabanya gufatira kwa minisiteri itose, no kongera igihe cyo gufungura.
Imyenda ya krahisi ikoreshwa hamwe na selile, bikavamo ibintu byuzuzanya nibyiza byibicuruzwa byombi. Kubera ko ibicuruzwa bya krahisi bihendutse cyane kuruta selile ya selile, ikoreshwa rya etarike ya etarike muri minisiteri bizazana igabanuka ryinshi ryibiciro bya minisiteri.
3. Guar gum ether
Guar gum ether ni ubwoko bwa polyisikaride ya etherifike ifite imiterere yihariye, ihindurwa mubishyimbo bisanzwe bya guar. Ahanini binyuze muri etherification reaction hagati ya guar gum nitsinda ryimikorere ya acrylic, hashyizweho imiterere irimo 2-hydroxypropyl matsinda ikora, ikaba ari polygalactomannose.
Ugereranije na selile ya selile, guar gum ether byoroshye gushonga mumazi. PH mubusanzwe nta ngaruka igira kumikorere ya guar gum ether.
NderMu bihe byubukonje buke na dosiye nkeya, guar gum irashobora gusimbuza ether ya selile muburyo bungana, kandi ifite amazi asa. Ariko guhuzagurika, kurwanya-sag, thixotropy nibindi biragaragara ko byateye imbere.
NderMu bihe byubukonje bwinshi na dosiye nini, guar gum ntishobora gusimbuza ether ya selile, kandi kuvanga gukoresha byombi bizatanga imikorere myiza.
ApplicationIkoreshwa rya guar gum muri gypsum ishingiye kuri minisiteri irashobora kugabanya cyane gufatira mugihe cyubwubatsi kandi bigatuma ubwubatsi bugenda neza. Nta ngaruka mbi igira ku gihe cyo gushiraho n'imbaraga za gypsumu.
⑤ Iyo guar gum ikoreshwa mububiko bwa sima bushingiye kumasima no guhomeka, irashobora gusimbuza ether ya selile muburyo bungana, kandi igaha minisiteri imbaraga zo guhangana neza, thixotropy hamwe nubwubatsi bwubaka.
⑥Mu minisiteri ifite ubukonje bwinshi nibirimo byinshi bigumana amazi, guar gum na selulose ether bizakorana kugirango bigere kubisubizo byiza.
Am Guar gum irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa nka tile yometse kuri tile, ibikoresho byo kwisuzumisha hasi, putty irwanya amazi, na polymer minisiteri yo gukingira urukuta.
4. Yahinduye imyunyu ngugu-igumana umubyimba
Ubushuhe bugumana amazi bukozwe mu myunyu ngugu binyuze mu guhindura no guhuza byakoreshejwe mu Bushinwa. Amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa mugutegura umubyimba ugumana amazi ni: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, nibindi. Ubu bwoko bwamazi agumana umubyimba ukoreshwa kuri minisiteri ifite ibintu bikurikira.
Can Irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya minisiteri isanzwe, kandi igakemura ibibazo byimikorere mibi ya sima ya sima, imbaraga nke za minisiteri ivanze, hamwe no kurwanya amazi mabi.
Products Ibicuruzwa bya Mortar bifite imbaraga zinyuranye zinyubako rusange zinganda nimbonezamubano zirashobora gutegurwa.
CostIbiciro by'ibikoresho ni bike.
Ret Kubika amazi biri munsi y’ibyuma bifata amazi kama, kandi kugabanuka kwumye kwa minisiteri yateguwe ni nini cyane, kandi ubumwe buragabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-03-2023