1 Ubumenyi bwibanze
Ikibazo 1 Nubuhe buhanga bwo kubaka buhari bwo gushiraho amabati hamwe na tile yometse?
Igisubizo: Inzira yo gutondekanya ceramic muri rusange igabanijwemo ubwoko butatu: uburyo bwo gutwikira inyuma, uburyo bwo gutwikira shingiro (bizwi kandi nkuburyo bwa trowel, uburyo bworoshye bwa paste), nuburyo bwo guhuza.
Ikibazo 2 Nibihe bikoresho byingenzi byingenzi byubaka tile paste?
Igisubizo: Ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya tile paste birimo: kuvanga amashanyarazi, spatula yinyo (trowel), inyundo ya rubber, nibindi.
Ikibazo 3 Ni izihe ntambwe zingenzi mubikorwa byo kubaka tile paste?
Igisubizo: Intambwe zingenzi ni: kuvura shingiro, gutegura ibikoresho, kuvanga minisiteri, guhagarara kwa minisiteri (gukiza), kuvanga kabiri, gukoresha minisiteri, gushira amatafari, gufata neza ibicuruzwa no kubirinda.
Ikibazo cya 4 Nubuhe buryo bworoshye? Ni ibihe bintu biranga?
Igisubizo: Uburyo bworoshye bwa paste bwerekana uburyo bwo gushira amabati, amabuye nibindi bikoresho bifite umubyimba muto cyane (hafi 3mm). Mubisanzwe ikoresha spatula iryinyo hejuru yuburinganire kugirango igenzure ubugari bwibintu bifatika (muri rusange ntibirenza 3 ~ 5mm). Uburyo bworoshye bwa paste bufite ibiranga umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwihuse, ingaruka nziza ya paste, kunoza imikoreshereze yimbere mu nzu, kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije.
Ikibazo 5 Niki kintu cyera kiri inyuma ya tile? Nigute bigira ingaruka kumurongo?
Igisubizo: Nifu ya demoulding ikoreshwa mbere yuko amatafari yinjira mu itanura mugihe cyo gukora amabati yubutaka. Fenomena nko guhagarika itanura. Ifu yo kurekura irahagaze neza mugikorwa cyo gucumura amabati yubutaka hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi. Ku bushyuhe busanzwe, ifu yo kurekura iba inert, kandi nta mbaraga zihari hagati yifu yifu irekura no hagati yifu irekura na tile. Niba hari ifu irekuye yanduye inyuma ya tile, imbaraga zifatika za tile zizagabanuka uko bikwiye. Mbere yuko amabati ashyirwaho, agomba guhanagurwa namazi cyangwa ifu yo kurekura igomba gukurwaho na brush.
Ikibazo cya 6 Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango ubungabunge amabati nyuma yo gukoresha amatafari? Nigute wabibungabunga?
Igisubizo: Mubisanzwe, nyuma yo gufatisha tile yometseho hanyuma ikubakwa, igomba gukira muminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 mbere yuko iyubakwa ryikurikiranya rishobora gukorwa. Mubushyuhe busanzwe nubushuhe, kubungabunga ibidukikije birahagije.
Ikibazo 7 Nibihe bisabwa kugirango uburinganire bwibanze bubakwe mu nzu?
Igisubizo: Kubikorwa byo guteramo urukuta rwimbere, ibisabwa kubuso bwibanze: guhagarikwa, kureshya ≤ 4mm / 2m, nta guhuza, nta mucanga, nta fu, hamwe nifatizo rikomeye.
Ikibazo 8 Ubiquinol ni iki?
Igisubizo: Ni alkali ikorwa na hydrata ya sima mubikoresho bishingiye kuri sima, cyangwa ibintu bya alkaline bikubiye mubikoresho byo gushushanya bihindagurika n'amazi, bikungahaye cyane kumurongo wuburanga, cyangwa ibicuruzwa byakiriye umwuka hejuru yuburanga. Ibi bintu byera, bigabanijwe neza bigira ingaruka kumiterere yuburanga.
Ikibazo 9 Kugarura no kumanika amarira ni iki?
Igisubizo: Mugihe cyo gukomera kwa sima ya sima, hazaba hari imyenge myinshi imbere, kandi ibyo byobo ni imiyoboro yo kumena amazi; iyo sima ya sima ikorewe guhindagurika nubushyuhe, hazabaho ibice; kubera kugabanuka hamwe nibintu bimwe na bimwe byubaka, isima ya sima iroroshye kuburyo bwingoma yingoma munsi ya tile. Kalisiyumu hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, kimwe mubicuruzwa biva mumazi ya sima n'amazi, ubwayo irashonga mumazi, kandi amazi yakuweho arashobora kandi gushonga okiside ya calcium CaO muri calcium disilicate gel CSH, nigicuruzwa cya reaction hagati ya sima namazi. Imvura ihinduka calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2. Umuti w'amazi Ca (OH) 2 wimukira hejuru ya tile unyuze mu mwobo wa capillary ya tile cyangwa ibuye, kandi ukurura karuboni ya dioxyde de CO2 mu kirere kugirango ube calcium karubone CaCO3, nibindi, bigwa hejuru yubutaka. , bakunze kwita anti-sizing no kumanika amarira, bizwi kandi ko byera.
Ikintu cyo kurwanya-ubunini, kumanika amarira cyangwa kwera bigomba kuba byujuje icyarimwe icyarimwe: havamo hydroxide ya calcium ihagije, amazi ahagije arashobora kwimuka hejuru, kandi amazi akungahaye kuri hydroxide ya calcium hejuru arashobora kuguma kuri a umwanya uhagije. Kubwibyo, ibintu byera cyane bibaho muburyo bunini bwububiko bwa sima (gufatisha inyuma) uburyo bwo kubaka (sima nyinshi, amazi nubusa), amatafari adacanwa, amatafari yubutaka cyangwa amabuye (hamwe nimiyoboro yimuka-capillary pore), igihe cyitumba cyangwa igihe cyimpeshyi . Byongeye kandi, imvura ya aside (kwangirika hejuru no gushonga umunyu), ikosa ryabantu (kongeramo amazi no gukurura inshuro ya kabiri mugihe cyo kubaka), nibindi bizatera cyangwa byongera umweru. Kwera hejuru mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka gusa kubigaragara, ndetse bimwe nibyigihe gito (calcium karubone izakorana na karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone namazi yo mu kirere hanyuma igahinduka calcium bicarbonate ikabura buhoro buhoro). Witondere kwera mugihe uhisemo amabati n'amabuye. Mubisanzwe ukoreshe amata yihariye ya tile yometse hamwe na kashe (ubwoko bwa hydrophobique), kubaka ibice bito, gushimangira imicungire yubwubatsi (ahantu h'imvura hakiri kare no gusukura neza kuvanga amazi, nibindi), ntibishobora kugera ku cyera kigaragara cyangwa cyera gusa.
Ikariso 2
Ikibazo 1 Ni izihe mpamvu n'ingamba zo gukumira zitaringaniza urwego rwa minisiteri ya rack?
Igisubizo: 1) Igice fatizo ntiringana.
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3) Hariho tile yumye yumye mumyobo yinyo ya trowel; umutego ugomba gusukurwa.
3) Icyiciro cyo gusiba icyiciro cyihuta cyane; umuvuduko wo gusiba ugomba gutinda.
4) Amatafari ya tile ntabwo akangurwa neza, kandi hariho uduce twa poro, nibindi.; ifata ya tile igomba kuba yuzuye kandi ikuze mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Ikibazo cya 2 Iyo gutandukana kurwego rwibanze ari binini, nigute wakoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo gushira amabati?
Igisubizo: Mbere ya byose, urwego shingiro rugomba kuringanizwa kugirango rwuzuze ibisabwa byuburinganire ≤ 4mm / 2m, hanyuma uburyo bworoshye bwa paste bugomba gukoreshwa mubwubatsi bwa tile.
Ikibazo cya 3 Ni iki gikwiye kwitabwaho mugihe ushyizeho amabati ku byuka bihumeka?
Igisubizo: Reba niba impande yin na yang zumuyaga uhumeka ari 90 ° inguni iburyo mbere yo kuyishiraho, hanyuma urebe ko ikosa riri hagati yimfuruka zirimo nu mpera zumuyoboro ari ≤4mm; ingingo za 45 ° yang inguni zipfundikishijwe amabati zigomba kuba zingana kandi ntizishobora gufatirwa hafi, bitabaye ibyo imbaraga zo gufatira kumatafari zizagira ingaruka (Ubushuhe nubushyuhe bizatera inkombe ya tile guturika kandi byangiritse); bika icyambu cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa (kugirango wirinde gusukura imiyoboro no gutobora, bizagira ingaruka ku isura).
Ikibazo cya 4 Nigute washyira amabati hasi hamwe n'amazi yo hasi?
Igisubizo: Mugihe ushyira amabati hasi, shakisha ahantu hahanamye kugirango umenye neza ko amazi kumwanya wose ashobora gutembera mumazi yo hasi, hamwe numusozi wa 1% kugeza 2%. Niba imiyoboro ibiri yo hasi igizwe mugice kimwe, ingingo yo hagati hagati yimiyoboro ya etage ebyiri igomba kuba ingingo ndende kandi igashyirwa kumpande zombi; niba ihuye nurukuta na tile hasi, amabati hasi agomba gushyirwa hejuru yurukuta.
Ikibazo 5 Ni iki kigomba kwitonderwa mugihe cyumye-cyumye cyumye cyashyizwe hanze?
Igisubizo: Muri rusange igihe cyo guhunika nigihe cyo guhumeka byumye-byumye byumye byihuta ni bigufi kuruta ibisanzwe bisanzwe, bityo rero kuvanga icyarimwe ntibigomba kuba byinshi, kandi ahantu hasakara icyarimwe ntigomba kuba nini cyane. Igomba kuba ihuje n'ibisabwa. Ibicuruzwa birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango urangize ubwubatsi mugihe cyagenwe. Birabujijwe rwose gukomeza gukoresha amatafari ya tile yatakaje ubwubatsi kandi yegereye kondegene nyuma yo kongeramo amazi kunshuro ya kabiri, bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumbaraga zo guhuza hakiri kare kandi bitinze, kandi bishobora gutera umweru ukomeye. Igomba gukoreshwa mugihe ikangutse. Niba yumye vuba, ingano yo gukurura irashobora kugabanuka, ubushyuhe bwamazi avanze burashobora kugabanuka muburyo bukwiye, kandi umuvuduko ukurura urashobora kugabanuka muburyo bukwiye.
Ikibazo 6 Ni izihe mpamvu n'ingamba zo gukumira ziterwa no kugabanuka kwingufu zifatika nyuma yamabati yububiko?
Igisubizo: Mbere ya byose, genzura ubwiza bwibanze, igihe cyemewe cyibicuruzwa, igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza amazi nibindi bintu. Noneho, urebye gutobora cyangwa kugabanuka kwingufu zifatika ziterwa na tile yifata nyuma yigihe cyo guhumeka mugihe cyo gutera, twakagombye kumenya ko paste igomba gushyirwaho mugihe cyo guhumeka. Iyo ushizemo, bigomba gukwega gato kugirango tile ifatanye neza. Urebye ibintu byo gufunga cyangwa kugabanuka guterwa no guhindurwa nyuma yigihe cyo guhinduka, twakagombye kumenya ko muriki gihe, niba bisabwa kongera guhinduka, icyuma cya tile kigomba kubanza gukurwaho, hanyuma igikuba kigomba kuzuzwa kuri gukata. Iyo ushyizeho amabati manini ashushanya, bitewe nubunini budahagije bwa tile, bizakururwa cyane mugihe cyo guhindura imbere ninyuma, bizatera kole gusenyuka, gutera umwobo, cyangwa kugabanya gufatira hamwe. Witondere mbere yo gushira, Ingano ya kole igomba kuba yuzuye neza bishoboka, kandi intera y'imbere ninyuma igomba guhindurwa ninyundo no gukanda. Umubyimba wibiti bya tile ntugomba kuba munsi ya 3mm, kandi intera yo gukurura igomba kuba hafi 25% yubunini bwa kole. Urebye ikirere gishyushye kandi cyumye hamwe nubuso bunini bwa buri cyiciro cyo gusiba, bigatuma habaho gutakaza amazi hejuru y igice cya kole, ubuso bwa buri cyiciro cya kole bugomba kugabanuka; mugihe ifata ya tile itakigaragara neza, igomba gukurwaho Re-slurry. Niba igihe cyo guhindura cyarenze kandi guhinduka ku gahato, bigomba gusohoka no gusimburwa. Niba ubunini bwifata rya tile budahagije, bugomba gutoborwa. Icyitonderwa: Ntukongere amazi cyangwa ibindi bintu kubifata byakomeye kandi bigakomera kurenza igihe cyo gukora, hanyuma ubikoreshe nyuma yo kubyutsa.
Ikibazo 7 Mugihe cyoza impapuro hejuru yamafiriti, impamvu nogukumira kugirango amabati agwe?
Igisubizo: Kuri iki kintu cyatewe no gukora isuku imburagihe, isuku igomba gusubikwa, kandi ifata ya tile igomba kugera ku mbaraga runaka mbere yo gukora isuku. Niba hari byihutirwa kwihutisha igihe cyubwubatsi, birasabwa gukoresha byumye byumye byumye, kandi birashobora gusukurwa byibuze nyuma yamasaha 2 nyuma yo kurangiza pave.
Ikibazo cya 8 Ni iki gikwiye kwitabwaho mugihe ushizemo amabati manini?
Igisubizo: Mugihe ushizemo amabati manini, witondere: 1) Shyira mugihe cyumye cya tile. 2) Koresha kole ihagije icyarimwe kugirango wirinde ko glue idahagije, bikavamo gukenera kuzuza kole.
Ikibazo 9 Nigute ushobora kwemeza ubwiza bwa paste yamabati yoroshye nkibikoresho bishya byo gushushanya?
Igisubizo: Ihitamo ryatoranijwe rigomba kugeragezwa hifashishijwe amabati yoroshye ya ceramic, hamwe na tile yometse hamwe na adhesion ikomeye igomba gutoranywa kugirango ushire.
Ikibazo 10 Amabati akeneye gushirwa mumazi mbere yo kuyashiramo?
Igisubizo: Mugihe uhitamo ibyuma bifata neza kugirango ushireho, amabati ntagomba gushirwa mumazi, kandi ibifata bya tile ubwabyo bifite uburyo bwiza bwo kubika amazi.
Ikibazo 11 Nigute washyira amatafari mugihe habaye gutandukana kwinshi muburinganire?
Igisubizo: 1) Kuringaniza; 2) Kubaka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza.
Ikibazo 12 Mubihe bisanzwe, igihe kingana iki nyuma yo kubaka amazi atarangiye, hashobora gutangira kubumba no gutobora?
Igisubizo: Biterwa n'ubwoko bwibikoresho bitarinda amazi. Ihame shingiro ni uko ibikoresho bitarimo amazi bishobora gutondekwa nyuma yo kugera ku mbaraga zisabwa kugirango amabati. Kora ingingo.
Ikibazo 13 Mubisanzwe, igihe kingana iki nyuma yo kubumba no gutobora birangiye, birashobora gukoreshwa?
Igisubizo: Nyuma yo gukata, irashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo gukira bisanzwe muminsi 5 ~ 7 (igomba kongerwa uko bikwiye mugihe cyitumba nimvura).
2.1 Imirimo rusange yimbere
Ikibazo 1 Iyo ushyizeho amabuye afite ibara ryoroshye cyangwa amatafari hamwe na tile yometseho amabara yijimye, niyihe mpamvu nimpamvu zo guhangana nibara ryamabuye cyangwa amatafari guhinduka?
Igisubizo: Impamvu nuko ibuye ryerurutse rifite ibara ryoroshye rifite ubushobozi buke, kandi ibara ryibara ryijimye ryijimye ryoroshye kwinjira mubutaka. Birasabwa gufata ibara ryera cyangwa ryoroshye. Byongeye kandi, mugihe ushyizeho amabuye yoroshye-yanduye, witondere igifuniko cyinyuma nigifuniko cyimbere hanyuma ukoreshe ibyuma byumye byumye vuba kugirango wirinde kwanduza amabuye.
Ikibazo cya 2 Nigute wakwirinda kashe ya tile paste ntabwo igororotse kandi hejuru ntabwo yoroshye?
Igisubizo: 1) Amabati areba agomba gutoranywa yitonze mugihe cyo kubaka kugirango yirinde guhuzagurika hamwe nudusimba hagati yamatafari yegeranye kubera imiterere ya tile idahuye nubunini. Mubyongeyeho, birakenewe gusiga amatafari ahagije no gukoresha amakarita ya tile.
2) Menya ubutumburuke bwifatizo, kandi buri ngingo yuburebure igomba kugengwa numupaka wo hejuru wumutegetsi (reba ibisebe). Nyuma yuko buri murongo umaze kwandikwa, bizasuzumwa mu buryo butambitse kandi buhagaritse hamwe numutegetsi mugihe, kandi bikosorwe mugihe; niba ikidodo kirenze ikosa ryemewe, rigomba Gukuramo amabati y'urukuta (hasi) mugihe cyo gusimbuza amatafari kugirango akore.
Nibyiza gukoresha uburyo bwo gukurura kubaka.
Ikibazo cya 3 Kubaka mu nzu, nigute ushobora kubara ingano yo kureba amabati, ibifata hamwe na kokisi?
Igisubizo: Mbere yo gushira amabati mu nzu, kora progaramu mbere ukurikije ibisobanuro bya tile, hanyuma ubare ingano yo kureba amabati (urukuta na etage hasi ubarwa ukundi) ukurikije ibisubizo byabanjirije gahunda hamwe n'ahantu ho gushira + (10% ~ 15 %) igihombo.
Iyo uhambiriye amabati ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwa paste, ubunini bwurwego rufata muri rusange ni 3 ~ 5mm, kandi ingano yumuti (ibikoresho byumye) ni 5 ~ 8kg / m2 hashingiwe ku kubara 1,6kg yibikoresho kuri metero kare kuri a ubunini bwa 1mm.
Inzira yerekana umubare wibikoresho bya caulking:
Ingano ya kashe =
Ikibazo cya 4 Mu iyubakwa ryimbere mu nzu, nigute wakwirinda urukuta namabati hasi kugirango bidatoboka kubera kubaka?
Igisubizo kimwe: 1) Hitamo icyuma gikwiye;
2) Kuvura neza inyuma ya tile hamwe nubuso bwa fondasiyo;
3) Amatafari ya tile arasunikwa rwose kandi arakuze kugirango yirinde ifu yumye;
4) Ukurikije igihe cyo gufungura n'umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwa tile, hindura ahantu hasibwe kumatafari;
5) Koresha uburyo bwo guhuza kugirango ushireho kugirango ugabanye ibintu byubuso budahagije;
6) Kubungabunga neza kugirango ugabanye kunyeganyega hakiri kare.
Igisubizo 2: 1) Mbere yo gushiraho amabati, banza urebe neza ko uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye bwa plaque ya plaque ari ≤ 4mm / 2m;
2) Kuri tile yubunini butandukanye, hitamo imitwe yinyo hamwe nibisobanuro bikwiye;
3) Amabati manini agomba gutwikirwa hamwe na tile yometse inyuma ya tile;
4) Amabati amaze gushyirwaho, koresha inyundo ya reberi kugirango uyinyundo kandi uhindure uburinganire.
Ikibazo 5 Nigute ushobora gufata neza imitwe irambuye nka yin na yang imfuruka, amabuye yumuryango, hamwe nimiyoboro yo hasi?
Igisubizo: Inguni ya yin na yang bigomba kuba kumurongo wa dogere 90 nyuma yo kubumba, kandi ikosa ryinguni hagati yimpera rigomba kuba ≤4mm. Uburebure n'ubugari bwibuye ryumuryango bihuye nigifuniko cyumuryango. Iyo uruhande rumwe ari koridor naho urundi ruhande ni icyumba cyo kuraramo, ibuye ryumuryango rigomba guhindurwa nubutaka kumpande zombi; 5 ~ 8mm hejuru yubwiherero kugirango ukine uruhare rwo kubika amazi. Mugihe ushyiraho imiyoboro yo hasi, menya neza ko ikibaho cyo hasi kiri munsi ya 1mm ugereranije na tile ikikije; ifata ya tile ntishobora kwanduza valve yo hepfo yuyoboro wamazi (bizatera amazi mabi), kandi birasabwa gukoresha sima yoroheje ya tile yometse kumashanyarazi.
Ikibazo cya 6 Ni iki gikwiye kwitonderwa mugihe ushyizeho amabati kurukuta rwicyuma cyoroshye?
Igisubizo: Hagomba kwitonderwa: 1) Imbaraga zurwego rwibanze zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa kugirango imiterere ihamye. Imiterere ya kabiri nuburyo bwumwimerere byahujwe muri rusange hamwe na mesh ya galvanised.
2) Ukurikije igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi, ubuso nuburemere bwamabati, bihuze hanyuma uhitemo icyuma gifata;
3) Guhitamo inzira ikwiye ya pave, ugomba gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza kugirango ushireho kandi usige amabati mumwanya.
Ikibazo 7 Mubidukikije byinyeganyeza, kurugero, mugihe utondekanya amabati ahantu hashobora kuba haribishobora kunyeganyega nkibyumba bya lift, ni ubuhe bwoko bwibikoresho byashize bigomba kwitabwaho?
Igisubizo: Iyo ushyira amabati kuri ubu bwoko bwigice, birakenewe ko twibanda ku guhuza kwifata rya tile, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwikimenyetso cya tile kugirango gihindurwe kuruhande. Ubushobozi bukomeye, bivuze ko igipande cya tile cyoroshye kitoroshye guhinduka mugihe shingiro ihindagurika kandi igahinduka. Hollow ibaho, igwa kandi iracyakomeza imikorere myiza yo guhuza.
2.2 Imirimo rusange yo hanze
Ikibazo 1 Ni iki gikwiye kwitabwaho mugihe cyo kubaka amabati hanze mu cyi?
Igisubizo: Witondere akazi ko izuba no kurinda imvura. Mubidukikije byubushyuhe bwinshi n umuyaga mwinshi, igihe cyo guhumeka kizagabanuka cyane. Ubuso bwo gusibanganya ifarashi ya farashi ntigomba kuba nini cyane, kugirango wirinde ko umwuma wuma kubera paste idatinze. bitera umwobo.
Icyitonderwa: 1) Guhuza guhitamo ibikoresho; 2) Irinde guhura n'izuba saa sita; 3) Igicucu; 4) Kangura amafaranga make hanyuma ukoreshe vuba bishoboka.
Ikibazo 2 Nigute ushobora kwemeza uburinganire bwahantu hanini h'uruzitiro rw'amatafari yo hanze?
Igisubizo: Uburinganire bwubuso bwibanze bugomba kuba bujuje ibyangombwa byubatswe. Niba uburinganire bwahantu hanini bukennye cyane, bugomba kongera kuringanizwa no gukurura insinga. Niba hari agace gato gafite ibibyimba, bigomba kuringanizwa mbere. Niba agace gato kegeranye, karashobora kuringanizwa mbere. .
Ikibazo cya 3 Nibihe bisabwa kugirango uburinganire bwibanze bwubakwe hanze?
Igisubizo: Ibisabwa byibanze ni: 1) Imbaraga zubuso bwibanze zirasabwa gushikama; 2) Uburinganire bwurwego shingiro buri murwego rusanzwe.
Ikibazo cya 4 Nigute ushobora kwemeza uburinganire bwubuso bunini nyuma yurukuta rwinyuma?
Igisubizo: 1) Igice fatizo kigomba kubanza kuba kiringaniye;
2) Amabati y'urukuta agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa mubipimo byigihugu, hamwe nuburinganire bumwe hamwe nubutaka bwamatafari yoroshye, nibindi.;
Igihe cyoherejwe: Ugushyingo-29-2022