Cellulose ether (CelluloseEther) ikozwe muri selile binyuze muri etherification reaction ya kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya etherification hamwe no gusya byumye. Ukurikije imiterere yimiti itandukanye ya ether, ether ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers. Ionic selulose ethers ahanini irimo carboxymethyl selulose ether (CMC); ethers ya ionic selulose ether cyane cyane irimo methyl selulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether (HPMC) na hydroxyethyl selulose ether. Chlorine ether (HC) nibindi. Ether idafite ionic igabanijwemo eferi zishonga mumazi na eferi zishonga amavuta, kandi ether zidafite amazi-eferi zikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya minisiteri. Imbere ya calcium ion, ionic selulose ether ntigihungabana, kubwibyo ntibikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bivanze na minisiteri yumye ikoresha sima, lime yamenetse, nibindi nkibikoresho bya sima. Nonionic water-soluble selulose ethers ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi kubera guhagarara kwayo no kubika amazi.
1. Imiterere yimiti ya selulose ether
Buri selile ya selile ifite imiterere yibanze ya selile - imiterere ya hydrogroglucose. Muburyo bwo gukora ether ya selile, fibre ya selile yabanje gushyukwa mumuti wa alkaline, hanyuma ikavurwa na agent ya etherifying. Igicuruzwa cya fibrous reaction gisukurwa kandi kigasunikwa kugirango kibe ifu imwe hamwe nubwiza runaka.
Mubikorwa byo kubyara MC, methyl chloride yonyine niyo ikoreshwa nka etherification agent; usibye methyl chloride, okiside ya propylene ikoreshwa no kubona hydroxypropyl insimburangingo mu musaruro wa HPMC. Ethers zitandukanye za selile zifite ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusimbuza methyl na hydroxypropyl, bigira ingaruka kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa selulose ether ibisubizo.
2. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibintu bya selile ether
Cellulose ether ni polimeri idafite ionic igice cya sintetike, ikabura amazi kandi igashonga. Ifite ingaruka zitandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye. Kurugero, mubikoresho byubaka imiti, bifite ingaruka zikurikira:
AgentIbikoresho bigumana amazi hInkoko eKugaragaza umutungo ilFilm ikora umutungo inderBinder
Mu nganda za polyvinyl chloride, ni emulisiferi kandi ikwirakwiza; mu nganda zimiti, ni binder kandi itinda kandi igenzurwa nibikoresho byo kurekura, nibindi. Kubera ko selile ifite ingaruka zitandukanye zingirakamaro, kuyikoresha Umwanya nawo ni mwinshi cyane. Ibikurikira byibanze ku mikoreshereze n'imikorere ya selulose ether mubikoresho bitandukanye byubaka.
(1) Mu irangi rya latex:
Mu nganda zo gusiga amarangi ya latex, kugirango uhitemo hydroxyethyl selulose, ibisobanuro rusange byubwiza bungana ni RT30000-50000cps, bihuye nibisobanuro bya HBR250, kandi dosiye ikoreshwa muri rusange ni 1.5 ‰ -2 ‰. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya hydroxyethyl mumarangi ya latex nukubyimbye, gukumira gelation ya pigment, gufasha gutatanya pigment, gutuza kwa latex, no kongera ububobere bwibigize, bigira uruhare mubikorwa byo kuringaniza ubwubatsi: Hydroxyethyl selulose iroroshye gukoresha. Irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje namazi ashyushye, kandi ntabwo ihindurwa nagaciro ka pH. Irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe namahoro yumutima mugihe agaciro ka PI kari hagati ya 2 na 12. Uburyo bwo gukoresha nuburyo bukurikira: I. Kwiyongera muburyo butaziguye: Kuri ubu buryo, hydroxyethyl selulose yatinze ubwoko bugomba gutoranywa, hamwe na hydroxyethyl selulose hamwe na igihe cyo gusesa kirenze iminota 30 ikoreshwa. Intambwe nizi zikurikira: ① Shyira muri kontineri ifite ibikoresho byo hejuru cyane. Amazi meza yuzuye artTangira gukurura ubudahwema kumuvuduko muke, kandi mugihe kimwe, shyiramo buhoro buhoro hydroxyethyl mubisubizo bingana ③Komeza kubyutsa kugeza ibikoresho byose bya granulaire byashizwemo ④Kongeramo ibindi byongeweho nibindi byongera alkaline, nibindi. , hanyuma ongeramo ibindi bice muri formula, hanyuma usya kugeza ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Ⅱ. Bifite inzoga za nyina kugirango zikoreshwe nyuma: Ubu buryo burashobora guhitamo selulose ihita, ifite anti-mildew. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko bifite ihinduka ryinshi kandi birashobora kongerwaho muburyo butaziguye. Uburyo bwo gutegura nuburyo bumwe nintambwe ①-④. Ⅲ. Tegura igikoma kugirango gikoreshwe nyuma: Kubera ko ibishishwa kama ari ibishishwa bibi (bitavogerwa) kuri hydroxyethyl, iyi mashanyarazi irashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura igikoma. Amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane ni amavuta kama mumavuta ya latx, nka Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hamwe nogukora firime (nka diethylene glycol butyl acetate). Porridge hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora kongerwaho muburyo butaziguye. Komeza kubyutsa kugeza bishonge burundu.
(2) Mu gusiba urukuta:
Kugeza ubu, mu mijyi myinshi yo mu gihugu cyanjye, ibidukikije byangiza amazi kandi byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Ikorwa na acetal reaction ya vinyl alcool na formaldehyde. Kubwibyo, ibi bikoresho bigenda bikurwaho buhoro buhoro nabantu, kandi ibicuruzwa bya selulose ether bikoreshwa mugusimbuza ibi bikoresho. Nukuvuga ko, mugutezimbere ibikoresho byubaka bitangiza ibidukikije, selile ni ibikoresho byonyine. Muri putty idashobora kwihanganira amazi, igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: ifu yumye yumye na paste. Muri ubu bwoko bubiri bwa putty, yahinduwe methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methyl igomba guhitamo. Ibisobanuro bya viscosity mubisanzwe biri hagati ya 30000-60000cps. Ibikorwa byingenzi bya selile muri putty ni ukubika amazi, guhuza no gusiga. Kubera ko formulaire ya putty yinganda zitandukanye zitandukanye, zimwe ni calcium yumukara, calcium yumucyo, sima yera, nibindi, nibindi, ni ifu ya gypsumu, calcium yumukara, calcium yumucyo, nibindi, bityo rero ibisobanuro, viscosity no kwinjira muri selile muri formula ebyiri nazo ziratandukanye. Amafaranga yongeweho ni 2 ‰ -3 ‰. Mu iyubakwa ry'urukuta rusakaye, kubera ko hejuru y'urukuta rufite urugero runaka rwo kwinjiza amazi (igipimo cyo gufata amazi y'urukuta rw'amatafari ni 13%, naho igipimo cyo gufata amazi ya beto ni 3-5%), ufatanije no guhumeka kwisi, niba putty itakaza amazi vuba, Bizagushikana kumeneka cyangwa kuvanaho ifu, bizagabanya imbaraga za putty. Kubwibyo, kongeramo selile ether bizakemura iki kibazo. Ariko ubwiza bwuzuza, cyane cyane ubwiza bwa calcium yivu nayo ni ngombwa cyane. Bitewe n'ubukonje bwinshi bwa selile, ubwinshi bwa putty nabwo bwiyongera, kandi ibintu byo kugabanuka mugihe cyubwubatsi nabyo biririndwa, kandi biroroshye kandi bizigama imirimo nyuma yo kubisiba. Nibyiza cyane kongeramo selulose ether muri powder putty. Umusaruro wacyo no gukoresha biroroshye. Uzuza hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zirashobora kuvangwa neza muri poro yumye.
(3) Amabuye ya beto:
Muri beto ya beto, kugirango igere ku mbaraga zanyuma, sima igomba kuba yuzuye neza. Cyane cyane mubwubatsi, icyuma cya beto gitakaza amazi vuba, kandi ingamba zo gufata neza zikoreshwa mukubungabunga no kuminjagira amazi. Gupfusha ubusa umutungo no gukora nabi, urufunguzo ni uko amazi ari hejuru gusa, kandi hydrated y'imbere ikaba ituzuye, bityo igisubizo cyiki kibazo nukwongerera ibikoresho umunani bigumana amazi kuri beto ya minisiteri, muri rusange hitamo hydroxypropyl methyl cyangwa methyl Cellulose, ibisobanuro bya viscosity biri hagati ya 20000-60000cps, kandi amafaranga yongeyeho ni 2% -3%. Igipimo cyo gufata amazi kirashobora kwiyongera kugera kuri 85%. Uburyo bwo gukoresha muri beto ya minisiteri ni ukuvanga ifu yumye neza hanyuma ukayisuka mumazi.
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Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zubaka, abantu bakeneye ibikoresho byubaka nabyo biriyongera umunsi kumunsi. Bitewe no kongera ubumenyi bw’abantu ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije no gukomeza kunoza imikorere y’ubwubatsi, ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu ya sima byateye imbere byihuse. Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu bikunze kugaragara ni ugupompa gypsumu, gypsumu ihujwe, gypsumu yometseho, hamwe na tile yometse. Gutera gypsumu ni ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo guhomesha inkuta zimbere no hejuru. Ubuso bwurukuta rwometseho ni byiza kandi byoroshye. Ibikoresho bishya byubaka amatara yometseho ni ibikoresho bifatanye bikozwe muri gypsumu nkibikoresho fatizo hamwe ninyongera zitandukanye. Birakwiriye guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye byubaka inyubako. Ntabwo ari uburozi, Impumuro nziza, imbaraga za kare no gushiraho byihuse, guhuza bikomeye nibindi biranga, ni ibikoresho bifasha imbaho zubaka no kubaka kubaka; gypsum caulking agent ni icyuho cyuzuza imbaho za gypsumu nuwuzuza gusana inkuta. Ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu bifite urukurikirane rwimirimo itandukanye. Usibye uruhare rwa gypsumu hamwe nuwuzuza, ikibazo cyingenzi nuko inyongeramusaruro ya selile yongeyeho uruhare runini. Kubera ko gypsumu igabanyijemo gypsumu ya anhydrous na gypsum ya hemihydrate, gypsumu itandukanye igira ingaruka zitandukanye kumikorere yibicuruzwa, bityo kubyimba, kubika amazi no kudindiza bigena ubwiza bwibikoresho byubaka gypsumu. Ikibazo gisanzwe cyibi bikoresho ni ugutobora no guturika, kandi imbaraga zambere ntizishobora kugerwaho. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ni uguhitamo ubwoko bwa selile hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha imikoreshereze ya retarder. Ni muri urwo rwego, methyl cyangwa hydroxypropyl methyl 30000 muri rusange byatoranijwe. –60000cps, amafaranga yiyongereye ni 1.5% –2%. Muri byo, selile yibanda ku gufata amazi no kudasiga amavuta. Ariko rero, ntibishoboka kwishingikiriza kuri selile ya selile nka retarder, kandi birakenewe kongeramo aside citric retarder kugirango ivange kandi ikoreshe bitagize ingaruka kumbaraga zambere. Kugumana amazi muri rusange bivuga umubare w'amazi azabura bisanzwe bitarimo amazi yo hanze. Niba urukuta rwumye cyane, kwinjiza amazi no guhumeka bisanzwe hejuru yubutaka bizatuma ibikoresho bitakaza amazi vuba, kandi gutobora no guturika nabyo bizabaho. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha buvanze nifu yumye. Niba utegura igisubizo, nyamuneka reba uburyo bwo gutegura igisubizo.
(5) Amashanyarazi
Imisemburo ya insulire ni ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byo gukingira imbere mu majyaruguru. Nibikoresho byurukuta byashizwemo nibikoresho byo kubika, minisiteri na binder. Muri ibi bikoresho, selile igira uruhare runini muguhuza no kongera imbaraga. Mubisanzwe hitamo methyl selulose ifite ubukonje bwinshi (hafi 10000eps), dosiye iri hagati ya 2 ‰ -3 ‰), kandi uburyo bwo gukoresha ni kuvanga ifu yumye.
(6) umukozi wa interineti
Hitamo HPNC 20000cps kubakozi ba interineti, hitamo 60000cps cyangwa irenga kuri tile yometse kuri tile, hanyuma wibande kubyimbye muri agent ya interineti, bishobora kuzamura imbaraga zingutu nimbaraga zo kurwanya imyambi. Ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bigumana amazi muguhuza amabati kugirango wirinde amabati kutagira umwuma vuba no kugwa.
3. Imiterere yinganda
(1) Inganda zo hejuru
Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikenerwa mu gukora ether ya selulose harimo ipamba itunganijwe (cyangwa ibiti by'ibiti) hamwe na bimwe mu bimera bisanzwe bivangwa na chimique, nka oxyde ya propylene, methyl chloride, soda ya caustic soda, soda ya caustic, okiside ya Ethylene, toluene nibindi bikoresho bifasha. Inganda zizamuka mu nganda zikora inganda zirimo ipamba inoze, inganda zikora ibiti ndetse ninganda zimwe na zimwe zikora imiti. Ihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho nyamukuru byavuzwe haruguru bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye kubiciro byumusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cya selile.
Igiciro cy'ipamba inoze ni kinini. Dufashe urugero rwo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa selulose ether nk'urugero, mugihe cyo gutanga raporo, igiciro cy'ipamba yatunganijwe cyagize 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% na 26.90% by'igiciro cyo kugurisha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile. Guhindagurika kw'ibiciro by'ipamba inoze bizagira ingaruka ku musaruro wa selile ya ether. Ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi byo gukora ipamba inoze ni imyenda y'ipamba. Imyenda y'ipamba ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa biva mu nzira yo gutunganya ipamba, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga ipamba, ipamba inoze, nitrocellulose n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Gukoresha agaciro no gukoresha imyenda ya pamba na pamba biratandukanye cyane, kandi igiciro cyacyo biragaragara ko kiri munsi yicy'ipamba, ariko gifite aho gihuriye no guhindagurika kw'ibiciro by'ipamba. Imihindagurikire yikiguzi cyimyenda ipamba igira ingaruka kubiciro by'ipamba inoze.
Imihindagurikire ikabije ku giciro cy’ipamba inoze bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye ku kugenzura ibiciro by’umusaruro, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa n’inyungu z’inganda muri uru ruganda. Iyo igiciro cya pamba itunganijwe ari kinini kandi igiciro cyibiti byigiti kikaba gihenze ugereranije, kugirango ugabanye ibiciro, ifu yinkwi irashobora gukoreshwa nkigisimburwa ninyongera kumpamba itunganijwe, cyane cyane mugukora ethers ya selile ifite ububobere buke nka imiti n'ibiribwa byo mu rwego rwa selile. Dukurikije imibare yavuye ku rubuga rw’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare, mu 2013, ubuso bwanjye bwo guhingamo ipamba bwari hegitari miliyoni 4.35, naho umusaruro w’ipamba mu gihugu ukaba wari toni miliyoni 6.31. Imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Cellulose ivuga ko mu 2014, umusaruro w’ipamba inoze yakozwe n’inganda zikomeye zitunganijwe mu gihugu zari toni 332.000, kandi gutanga ibikoresho fatizo ni byinshi.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze byo gukora ibikoresho bya shimi ya grafite ni ibyuma na karubone. Igiciro cyibyuma na grafitike ya karubone bifite umubare munini ugereranije nigiciro cyibicuruzwa byibikoresho bya shimi. Ihindagurika ryibiciro byibi bikoresho fatizo bizagira ingaruka runaka kubiciro byumusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cyibikoresho bya shimi bya grafite.
(2) Hasi yinganda za selile ya ether
Nka "inganda monosodium glutamate", selile ya selile ifite igipimo gito cya selile ya selile kandi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha. Inganda zimanuka zinyanyagiye mubyiciro byose mubukungu bwigihugu.
Mubisanzwe, inganda zubaka zubatswe ninganda zitimukanwa bizagira ingaruka runaka kumuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibisabwa kugirango hubakwe ibikoresho bya selile selile. Iyo inganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa zigenda ziyongera vuba, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu ryubaka selile yo mu rwego rwa selile ryiyongera cyane. Mugihe umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwinganda zubaka mu gihugu ninganda zitimukanwa zidindije, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibisabwa kugirango hubakwe ibikoresho bya selile selile ether ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu bizagabanuka, ibyo bikazongera amarushanwa muri uru ruganda kandi byihutishe inzira yo kubaho. bikwiranye ninganda muriyi nganda.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, mu rwego rwo kudindira kw’inganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa, icyifuzo cyo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile selile mu isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ntabwo cyahindutse ku buryo bugaragara. Impamvu nyamukuru ni: 1. Igipimo rusange cyinganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa ni nini, kandi isoko rusange rikenewe ni rinini; isoko nyamukuru ryabaguzi yo kubaka ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selile ether igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva mu turere twateye imbere mu bukungu no mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri kugera mu turere two hagati no mu burengerazuba ndetse no mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu, ubushobozi bw’imbere mu gihugu no kwagura umwanya; 2. gihamye; 3. Guhindura igiciro cyisoko nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumiterere yimiterere yo kubaka ibikoresho bya selile selile. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, igiciro cyo kugurisha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selulose ether cyaragabanutse cyane, ibyo bikaba byaragabanutse cyane ku giciro cy’ibicuruzwa biva hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, bikurura abakiriya benshi kugura no guhitamo, byongera icyifuzo cyo hagati kugeza kuri -ibicuruzwa byanyuma, no gukanda isoko ryumwanya hamwe nigiciro cyibiciro kubintu bisanzwe.
Urwego rwiterambere rwinganda zimiti nigipimo cyubwiyongere bwinganda zimiti bizagira ingaruka kubisabwa na selile ya selile selile. Kuzamura imibereho yabaturage ninganda zateye imbere mu biribwa bifasha mu gutuma isoko rikenerwa na selile yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
4. Iterambere ryiterambere rya Cellulose Ether
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye muburyo bukenewe ku isoko rya selulose ether, ibigo bifite imbaraga nintege nke birashobora kubana. Urebye itandukaniro rigaragara ryibisabwa ku isoko, abakora selile zo mu gihugu imbere bafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo guhatana bashingiye ku mbaraga zabo bwite, kandi muri icyo gihe, bagomba gusobanukirwa neza icyerekezo cy’iterambere n’icyerekezo cy’isoko neza.
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Cellulose ether ibara igice gito cyibiciro byumusaruro wibigo byinshi byo hasi muriyi nganda, ariko bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibicuruzwa. Amatsinda y'abakiriya hagati-hejuru-yohejuru agomba kunyura mubigeragezo mbere yo gukoresha ikirango runaka cya selile. Nyuma yo gukora formulaire ihamye, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye gusimbuza ibindi bicuruzwa byibicuruzwa, kandi mugihe kimwe, ibisabwa bihanitse bishyirwa kumurongo mwiza wa selile ether. Iyi phenomenon igaragara cyane mubice byo murwego rwo hejuru nkibikoresho binini byubaka ibikoresho byo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, ibikoreshwa mu bya farumasi, inyongeramusaruro, na PVC. Kugirango tunoze irushanwa ryibicuruzwa, ababikora bagomba kwemeza ko ubuziranenge n’umutekano by’ibice bitandukanye bya selile ether batanga bishobora kugumaho igihe kirekire, kugirango bibe byiza ku isoko ryiza.
(2) Kunoza urwego rwa tekinoroji yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikorwa bya selile yo murugo
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya selulose ether, urwego rwohejuru rwikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa rufasha kuzamura iterambere ryuzuye ryinganda zinganda no gushiraho umubano uhamye wabakiriya. Isosiyete izwi cyane ya selulose ether mubihugu byateye imbere cyane cyane ifata ingamba zo guhatanira "guhangana nabakiriya benshi bo murwego rwohejuru + batezimbere imikoreshereze yimikoreshereze n’imikoreshereze" kugirango batezimbere imikoreshereze ya selireose hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, kandi bagena urutonde rwibicuruzwa ukurikije imirima itandukanye igabanywa. koroshya imikoreshereze yabakiriya, no guteza imbere isoko ryo hasi. Amarushanwa yinganda za selulose ether mubihugu byateye imbere yavuye mubicuruzwa yinjira mumarushanwa mubijyanye na tekinoroji yo gukoresha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-27-2023