Gypsum ya desulfurizasi ni gaze ya flue ikorwa no gutwikwa n’ibicanwa birimo sulferi (amakara, peteroli), imyanda ikomeye mu nganda ikorwa mu gihe cyo kweza desulfurizasi, hamwe na gypsumu ya hemihydrate (formula ya chimique CaSO4 · 0.5H2O), imikorere iragereranywa n’ibyo ya gypsumu yubaka. Kubwibyo, hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi nuburyo bukoreshwa bwo gukoresha gypsumu ya desulfurizasi aho gukoresha gypsumu karemano kugirango itange ibikoresho byo kwipimisha. Ibikoresho bya polymer kama nkibikoresho bigabanya amazi, ibikoresho bigumana amazi na retarder nibintu byingenzi bigize imikorere yibikoresho bya minisiteri. Imikoranire nuburyo byombi hamwe nibikoresho bya sima ni ibibazo bikwiye kwitabwaho kimwe. Bitewe n'ibiranga inzira yo gushinga, ubwiza bwa gypsumu ya desulfurike ni nto (ingano ya selile igabanywa cyane hagati ya 40 na 60 mkm), kandi ifu ya poweri ntisobanutse, bityo imiterere ya rheologiya ya gypsumu yanduye ikennye, na minisiteri. gusebanya byateguwe na byo akenshi byoroshye Gutandukanya, gutondeka no kuva amaraso bibaho. Cellulose ether ni yo ikoreshwa cyane muri minisiteri, kandi kuyikoresha hamwe no kugabanya amazi ni garanti yingenzi kugirango tumenye imikorere yuzuye ya gypsumu ishingiye ku bikoresho byifashishwa mu rwego rwo kwiyubaka nko gukora ubwubatsi hanyuma nyuma yubukanishi nigihe kirekire.
Muri iyi nyandiko, agaciro k'amazi gakoreshwa nk'igipimo cyo kugenzura (gukwirakwiza dogere 145 mm ± 5 mm), hibandwa ku ngaruka ziterwa na selulose ether hamwe n'uburemere bwa molekile (agaciro ka viscosity) ku gukoresha amazi ya gypsumu yanduye. -kumenyekanisha ibikoresho, gutakaza amazi mugihe, hamwe na coagulation Itegeko ryingaruka zumutungo wibanze nkigihe nubukanishi bwambere; icyarimwe, gerageza amategeko yingirakamaro ya selile ya ether kumurekure wubushyuhe nigipimo cyogusohora ubushyuhe bwa gypsumu ya gypsumu, gusesengura ingaruka zayo kuri hydration ya gypsumu ya desulfurizasi, hanyuma ubanze uganire kuri ubu bwoko bwimvange Guhuza na sisitemu ya gypsumu ya gulfum. .
1. Ibikoresho bito nuburyo bwo gupima
1.1 Ibikoresho bibisi
Ifu ya Gypsum: ifu ya gypsumu yanduye ikorwa nisosiyete i Tangshan, imyunyu ngugu nyamukuru ni hemihydrate gypsum, ibigize imiti bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, kandi imiterere yumubiri irerekanwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
ishusho
ishusho
Ibivanze birimo: selile ether (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC muri make); superplasticizer WR; defoamer B-1; EVA isubirwamo ifu ya latex S-05, yose iraboneka mubucuruzi.
Igiteranyo: umusenyi wumugezi karemano, wikoreye umusenyi mwiza unyuze mumashanyarazi ya mm 0,6.
1.2 Uburyo bwo kugerageza
Gypsum ya desulfurizasiyo ihamye: umucanga: amazi = 1: 0.5: 0.45, umubare ukwiye wibindi bivangavanze, gutemba nkigipimo cyo kugenzura (kwaguka 145 mm ± 5 mm), muguhindura imikoreshereze yamazi, bivanze nibikoresho bya sima (desulfurisation gypsum + Cement) ) 0, 0.5 ‰, 1.0 ‰, 2.0 ‰, 3.0 ‰ selulose ether (HPMC-20,000); ongera ukosore dosiye ya selile ya ether kuri 1 ‰, hitamo HPMC-20.000, HPMC-40.000, HPMC-75,000, na HPMC-100.000 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ethers ifite uburemere butandukanye (imibare ihuye ni H2, H4, H7.5, na H10) ), kwiga urugero nuburemere bwa molekuline (agaciro ka viscosity) ya selile ether Ingaruka zimpinduka kumiterere ya gypsumu ishingiye kwishira hejuru ya minisiteri, hamwe ningaruka zombi kuri fluidite, gushiraho igihe hamwe nubukanishi bwambere bwa gypsum ya gulfs yivanze na minisiteri ivanze. Uburyo bwihariye bwikizamini bukorwa hubahirijwe ibisabwa GB / T 17669.3-1999 “Kugena Imiterere ya Mechanical of Building Gypsum”.
Ubushyuhe bwikizamini cya hydration bukorwa hifashishijwe urugero rwuzuye rwa gypsumu ya desulfurize hamwe nicyitegererezo hamwe na selile ya ether ya selile 0.5 ‰ na 3 ‰, kandi igikoresho cyakoreshejwe ni ubushyuhe bwa TA-AIR bwubushyuhe bwo gupima.
2. Ibisubizo nisesengura
2.1 Ingaruka za selile ya ether yibintu byibanze bya minisiteri
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwibirimo, imikorere nubufatanye bwa minisiteri biratera imbere cyane, gutakaza amazi mugihe byagabanutse cyane, kandi ibikorwa byubwubatsi nibyiza cyane, kandi minisiteri ikomye ntigira ikintu cyo gusiba, kandi hejuru yubuso, ubworoherane hamwe nuburanga byateye imbere cyane. Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha amazi ya minisiteri kugira ngo bigere ku mazi amwe byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara. Kuri 5 ‰, amazi yakoreshejwe yiyongereyeho 102%, kandi igihe cyanyuma cyo gushiraho cyongerewe iminota 100, cyikubye inshuro 2,5 icyitegererezo cyuzuye. Imiterere ya mashini yambere ya minisiteri yagabanutse cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwa selile ya ether. Iyo ibikubiye muri selulose ether byari 5 ‰, imbaraga za 24 h imbaraga nimbaraga zo kwikuramo byagabanutse kugera kuri 18.75% na 11.29% byicyitegererezo cyuzuye. Imbaraga zo guhonyora ni 39.47% na 23.45% byurugero rwuzuye. Twabibutsa ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwingingo zibika amazi, ubwinshi bwa minisiteri nabwo bwaragabanutse cyane, kuva 2069 kg / m3 kuri 0 kugeza 1747 kg / m3 kuri 5 ‰, kugabanuka kwa 15.56%. Ubucucike bwa minisiteri buragabanuka kandi ubukana bwiyongera, iyi ikaba ari imwe mu mpamvu zituma igabanuka rigaragara ryimiterere yimashini ya minisiteri.
Cellulose ether ni polymer itari ionic. Amatsinda ya hydroxyl kumurongo wa selile ya selile na atome ya ogisijeni kumurongo wa ether irashobora guhuza na molekile zamazi kugirango zibe imigozi ya hydrogène, ihindura amazi yubusa mumazi aboshye, bityo igire uruhare mukubungabunga amazi. Macroscopically Yigaragaza nkukwiyongera kwubusabane bwibisebe [5]. Kwiyongera kwijimye ryinshi ntabwo bizongera ikoreshwa ryamazi gusa, ahubwo na ether ya selile yamenetse izashyirwa kumurongo hejuru ya gypsumu, bikabangamira reaction kandi bikongerera igihe cyagenwe; mugihe cyo gukangura, umubare munini wimyuka myinshi nayo izatangizwa. Ubusa buzakora nkuko minisiteri ikomera, amaherezo igabanya imbaraga za minisiteri. Urebye neza ikoreshwa ryamazi atabogamye yimvange ya minisiteri, imikorere yubwubatsi, kugena igihe nubukanishi, hamwe nigihe kirekire, nibindi, nibindi, ibikubiye muri selulose ether muri gulfsum ya gypsumu ishingiye kuri minisiteri ntigomba kurenza 1 ‰.
2.2 Ingaruka yuburemere bwa molekuline ya selulose ether kumikorere ya minisiteri
Mubisanzwe, hejuru yubukonje nubwiza bwa selulose ether, niko gufata amazi neza no kongera imbaraga zo guhuza. imikorere izagira ingaruka mbi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingaruka za selile ya selile yuburemere butandukanye bwa molekuline kumiterere yibanze ya gypsumu ishingiye ku kwipimisha ibikoresho bya minisiteri. Amazi akenerwa na minisiteri yiyongereye ku rugero runaka, ariko nta ngaruka zigaragara zagize ku gihe cyagenwe n’amazi. Muri icyo gihe, imbaraga za flexural na compressive imbaraga za minisiteri muri leta zitandukanye zerekanaga ko zigenda zigabanuka, ariko kugabanuka kwabaye kure cyane yingaruka ziterwa na selile ya ether kuri mikoranike. Muri make, kwiyongera k'uburemere bwa molekuline ya selile ether nta ngaruka zigaragara ku mikorere y'imvange ya minisiteri. Urebye ibyoroshye byubwubatsi, ubukonje buke hamwe na selile-ya-selile-selile-ether igomba gutoranywa nkibikoresho bya gypsumu ishingiye ku bikoresho byo kwipimisha.
2.3 Ingaruka ya selulose ether ku bushyuhe bwa hydration ya gypsum ya desulfurize
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu bya selile ya selile, impinga ya exothermic ya hydrata ya gypsumu ya desulfurizasi yagabanutse buhoro buhoro, kandi umwanya wikibanza watinzeho gato, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa exothermic ya hydration bwagabanutse, ariko ntibigaragara. Ibi byerekana ko ether ya selile ishobora gutinza igipimo cya hydration hamwe na hydrata ya gypsumu ya desulfurize ku rugero runaka, bityo dosiye ntigomba kuba nini cyane, kandi igomba kugenzurwa muri 1 ‰. Birashobora kugaragara ko firime ya colloidal yakozwe nyuma ya selile ya ether ihuye namazi yamamajwe hejuru yubutaka bwa gypsumu ya gulfum, bigabanya umuvuduko wa gypsumu mbere ya 2 h. Muri icyo gihe, gufata amazi yihariye hamwe ningaruka zibyibushye bidindiza ihinduka ryamazi yamazi kandi Gukwirakwiza ni ingirakamaro mugukomeza kwiyobora gypsumu yanduye mugihe cyanyuma. Mu ncamake, iyo dosiye ikwiye igenzuwe, selulose ether igira ingaruka nke kubipimo bya hydration hamwe na hydration ya gypsumu ubwayo. Muri icyo gihe, kwiyongera kwa selile ya ether hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile bizongera cyane ubwiza bwikibabi kandi byerekana imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi. Kugirango hamenyekane neza amazi ya gypsumu yisukuye yisukuye, ikoreshwa ry’amazi riziyongera cyane, ibyo bikaba biterwa nigihe kinini cyo gushiraho minisiteri. Impamvu nyamukuru yo kugabanuka kumiterere yubukanishi.
3. Umwanzuro
. ugereranije nibirimo, uburemere bwa molekuline ya selile ether Ubwiyongere bugira ingaruka nke kumiterere yavuzwe haruguru ya minisiteri. Urebye muri rusange, ether ya selile igomba gutoranywa ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile (agaciro ka viscosity kari munsi ya 20 000 Pa · s), kandi dosiye igomba kugenzurwa muri 1 ‰ yibikoresho bya sima.
. Ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa ry'amazi no kugabanuka k'ubucucike bwinshi nimpamvu nyamukuru zituma igabanuka ryimiterere yubukanishi bwa gypsumu ishingiye kuri gypsumu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2023