Guhindura selile ya selile

01 Intangiriro ya selile

Cellulose ni macromolecular polysaccharide igizwe na glucose. Kudashonga mumazi hamwe nubusanzwe rusange. Nibintu nyamukuru bigize urukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima, kandi ni nacyo gikwirakwizwa cyane kandi cyuzuye polysaccharide muri kamere.

Cellulose ni umutungo mwinshi ushobora kuvugururwa kwisi, kandi ni na polymer karemano hamwe nubunini bwinshi. Ifite ibyiza byo kuvugururwa, ibinyabuzima byose, kandi biocompatibilité nziza.

02. Impamvu zo guhindura selile

Cellromose macromolecules irimo umubare munini wa -OH matsinda. Bitewe n'ingaruka za hydrogène ihuza, imbaraga hagati ya macromolecules ni nini cyane, izaganisha ku gushonga kwinshi △ H; kurundi ruhande, hari impeta muri selile ya macromolecules. Nka miterere, gukomera kwurunigi rwa molekile ni nini, bizaganisha ku guhinduka gushonga entropy ΔS. Izi mpamvu zombi zituma ubushyuhe bwa selile yashongeshejwe (= △ H / △ S) buzaba hejuru, kandi ubushyuhe bwangirika bwa selile ni buke. Kubwibyo, iyo selile yashushe mubushyuhe runaka, fibre zizagaragara Ikintu cyerekana ko selile yangirika mbere yuko itangira gushonga, kubwibyo, gutunganya ibikoresho bya selile ntibishobora gukoresha uburyo bwo kubanza gushonga hanyuma bikabumba.

03. Akamaro ko guhindura selile

Kugabanuka gahoro gahoro k'umutungo wa fosile hamwe n’ibibazo bikabije by’ibidukikije biterwa n’imyenda y’imiti ya fibre fibre, iterambere no gukoresha ibikoresho bya fibre naturel bishobora kuvugururwa byabaye kimwe mu bice bishyushye abantu bitondera. Cellulose ni umutungo mwinshi ushobora kuvugururwa muri kamere. Ifite ibintu byiza cyane nka hygroscopicity, antistatike, imbaraga zo guhumeka ikirere, irangi ryiza, kwambara neza, gutunganya imyenda byoroshye, hamwe na biodegradability. Ifite ibiranga bitagereranywa na fibre chimique. .

Molekile ya selile irimo umubare munini wamatsinda ya hydroxyl, byoroshye gukora imigozi ya hydrogène yo mu bwoko bwa intermolecular na intermolecular, kandi ikabora kubushyuhe bwinshi butashonga. Nyamara, selile ifite reaction nziza, kandi imigozi ya hydrogène irashobora gusenywa no guhindura imiti cyangwa guhinduranya imiti, bishobora kugabanya neza gushonga. Nkibicuruzwa bitandukanye byinganda, bikoreshwa cyane mubudodo, gutandukanya membrane, plastike, itabi hamwe no gutwikira.

04. Guhindura selile ya selile

Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bwa selulose ikomoka kubyahinduwe na etherification ya selile. Irakoreshwa cyane kubera kubyimbye kwiza cyane, emulisile, guhagarikwa, gukora firime, kurinda colloid, kugumana ubushuhe, hamwe nibiranga. Ikoreshwa mubiryo, ubuvuzi, gukora impapuro, irangi, ibikoresho byo kubaka, nibindi

Etherification ya selile ni urukurikirane rwibikomoka ku reaction ya matsinda ya hydroxyl kumurongo wa selile ya selile hamwe na alkylating agent mubihe bya alkaline. Gukoresha amatsinda ya hydroxyl bigabanya umubare wa hydrogène ya intermolecular kugirango ugabanye imbaraga za intermolecular, bityo utezimbere ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa selile, kunoza imikorere yibikoresho, kandi icyarimwe bigabanye gushonga kwa selile.

Ingero zingaruka zo guhindura etherification kubindi bikorwa bya selile:

Bakoresheje ipamba inoze nkibikoresho fatizo byibanze, abashakashatsi bakoresheje inzira yintambwe imwe ya etherification kugirango bategure carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl selulose complex ether hamwe na reaction imwe, viscosity nyinshi, anti-acide nziza hamwe no kurwanya umunyu binyuze muri alkalisation na etherification. Ukoresheje intambwe imwe ya etherification, karubisimethyl hydroxypropyl selulose ikorwa ifite umunyu mwiza, kurwanya aside hamwe no gukomera. Muguhindura ingano ya oxyde ya propylene na aside ya chloroacetike, ibicuruzwa bifite carboxymethyl bitandukanye na hydroxypropyl birashobora gutegurwa. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl selulose ikorwa nuburyo bwintambwe imwe ifite umusaruro muke, umusaruro muke, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya umunyu umwe kandi uhwanye na aside irwanya aside.

05. Icyizere cyo guhindura selile ya selile

Cellulose ni ibikoresho by'ibanze bya shimi na chimique bikungahaye ku mutungo, icyatsi kandi cyangiza ibidukikije, kandi gishobora kuvugururwa. Inkomoko yo guhindura selile ya selulose ifite imikorere myiza, uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha ningaruka nziza zo gukoresha, kandi byujuje ubukungu bwigihugu bikenewe cyane. Kandi ibikenewe byiterambere ryimibereho, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nogushira mubikorwa ubucuruzi mugihe kizaza, niba ibikoresho fatizo byubukorikori hamwe nuburyo bukomatanya bwibikomoka kuri selile bishobora kuba inganda, bizakoreshwa cyane kandi bimenyekanishe byinshi mubikorwa . Agaciro