Ibivanze bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere imikorere yubwubatsi bwa minisiteri yumye, ariko kongeramo amavuta avanze yumye bituma igiciro cyibikoresho byibikoresho bivangwa na minisiteri yumye byiyongereye cyane ugereranije nibisanzwe bya minisiteri, bingana na 40% bya igiciro cyibikoresho muri minisiteri yumye. Kugeza ubu, igice kinini cyimvange gitangwa nabanyamahanga, kandi dosiye yerekana ibicuruzwa nayo itangwa nuwabitanze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igiciro cyibicuruzwa bivangwa na minisiteri yumye bikomeza kuba hejuru, kandi biragoye kumenyekanisha amabuye asanzwe hamwe na pompe zipompa hamwe ninshi hamwe nubugari; ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigenzurwa n’amasosiyete y’amahanga, kandi inganda zivanze na minisiteri zifite inyungu nke no kwihanganira ibiciro; Hano harabuze ubushakashatsi butunganijwe kandi bugamije gukoresha imiti, kandi formulaire zamahanga zikurikizwa buhumyi.
Hashingiwe ku mpamvu zavuzwe haruguru, iyi mpapuro isesengura kandi igereranya ibintu bimwe na bimwe by’ibanze bikunze gukoreshwa, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibyo, yiga imikorere y’ibicuruzwa bivangwa na minisiteri yumye ukoresheje ibivanze.
1. Umukozi wo kubika amazi
Igikoresho cyo kubika amazi ni urufunguzo rwingenzi rwo kunoza imikorere yo gufata amazi ya minisiteri ivanze yumye, kandi nayo ni imwe mu mvange zingenzi kugirango hamenyekane igiciro cyibikoresho bya minisiteri yumye.
1.1 Ether ya selile
Cellulose ether nijambo rusange ryuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa byakozwe nigisubizo cya alkali selulose hamwe na etherifying agent mubihe bimwe. Alkali selulose isimburwa nibintu bitandukanye bya etherifing kugirango babone ethers zitandukanye. Ukurikije imiterere ya ionisation yibisimburwa, ethers ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ionic (nka carboxymethyl selulose) na non-ionic (nka methyl selulose). Ukurikije ubwoko bwinsimburangingo, ether ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo kimwe (nka methyl selulose) na ether ivanze (nka hydroxypropyl methyl selulose). Ukurikije ibisubizo bitandukanye, birashobora kugabanywa mu gushonga amazi (nka hydroxyethyl selulose) hamwe na solvent-soluble (nka Ethyl selulose), nibindi. igabanijwe muburyo bwihuse hamwe nubuso bwavuwe bwatinze guseswa.
Uburyo bwibikorwa bya selile ether muri mortar nuburyo bukurikira:
. ibice hamwe na layer ya firime yo gusiga ikorwa hejuru yinyuma yayo, bigatuma sisitemu ya minisiteri ihagarara neza, kandi ikanatezimbere amazi ya minisiteri mugihe cyo kuvanga no kubaka neza.
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1.1.1 Inzira ya molekulire ya methyl selile (MC) [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-h (OCH3) n] x
Nyuma yipamba itunganijwe ivuwe na alkali, selile ya selile ikorwa binyuze murukurikirane rwibisubizo hamwe na chloride metani nka agent ya etherification. Mubisanzwe, urwego rwo gusimburwa ni 1.6 ~ 2.0, kandi gukemura nabyo biratandukanye hamwe nimpamyabumenyi zitandukanye. Nibya non-ionic selulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose irashonga mumazi akonje, kandi bizagorana gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyamazi cyacyo kirahagaze neza murwego rwa pH = 3 ~ 12. Ifite guhuza neza na krahisi, guar gum, nibindi byinshi na surfactants. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwa gelation, gelation iba.
. Mubisanzwe, niba umubare wongeyeho ari munini, ubwiza ni buto, kandi ubwiza ni bunini, igipimo cyo gufata amazi ni kinini. Muri byo, ingano y’inyongera igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kigero cyo gufata amazi, kandi urwego rw’ubukonje ntiruhwanye neza n’urwego rwo gufata amazi. Igipimo cyo guseswa ahanini biterwa nurwego rwo guhindura isura ya selile na selile nziza. Muri ethers ya selile yavuzwe haruguru, methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose bifite igipimo kinini cyo gufata amazi.
(3) Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe izagira ingaruka zikomeye ku kigero cyo gufata amazi ya methyl selile. Mubisanzwe, uko ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko gufata amazi ari bibi. Niba ubushyuhe bwa minisiteri burenze 40 ° C, kugumana amazi ya methyl selulose bizagabanuka cyane, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku iyubakwa rya minisiteri.
(4) Methyl selulose igira ingaruka zikomeye mukubaka no gufatira minisiteri. “Gufatanya” hano bivuga imbaraga zifatika zumvikana hagati yigikoresho gisaba umukozi nu rukuta, ni ukuvuga kurwanya inkovu. Kwizirika hejuru ni byinshi, kurwanya inkweto za minisiteri ni nini, kandi imbaraga zisabwa n'abakozi mu gihe cyo gukoresha nazo ni nini, kandi imikorere ya minisiteri ikennye. Methyl selile yifata iri murwego ruciriritse mubicuruzwa bya selile.
1.1.2 Inzira ya molekuline ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ni [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-mn (OCH3) m, OCH2CH (OH) CH3] n] x
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni selile ya selile ifite umusaruro nogukoresha byiyongereye vuba mumyaka yashize. Ni selile idafite ionic ivanze ya ether ikozwe mu ipamba itunganijwe nyuma ya alkalisation, ukoresheje okiside ya propylene na methyl chloride nka agent ya etherification, binyuze mubisubizo. Urwego rwo gusimbuza muri rusange ni 1.2 ~ 2.0. Imiterere yacyo iratandukanye bitewe numubare utandukanye wibintu bya mikorobe na hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi akonje, kandi izahura ningorane zo gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Ariko ubushyuhe bwa gelation mumazi ashyushye buri hejuru cyane ugereranije na methyl selile. Ubushyuhe bwo mumazi akonje nabwo buratera imbere cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose.
. Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka ku bwenge bwabwo, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ubukonje bugabanuka. Nyamara, ubukonje bwacyo bwinshi bugira ingaruka zubushyuhe burenze methyl selile. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye iyo kibitswe mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
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(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihamye kuri aside na alkali, kandi igisubizo cyayo cyamazi kirahagaze neza murwego rwa pH = 2 ~ 12. Soda ya Caustic n'amazi ya lime ntacyo bihindura mubikorwa byayo, ariko alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ikongera ububobere bwayo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihagaze neza kumunyu usanzwe, ariko iyo ubunini bwumuti wumunyu mwinshi, ubwiza bwumuti wa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bikunda kwiyongera.
. Nka alcool ya polyvinyl, ibinyamisogwe ether, amase y'imboga, nibindi.
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1.1.3 Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Ikozwe mu ipamba itunganijwe ivurwa na alkali, ikanakoreshwa na okiside ya Ethylene nka etherification agent imbere ya acetone. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ifite hydrophilicity ikomeye kandi byoroshye gukuramo ubuhehere.
(1) Hydroxyethyl selulose irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje, ariko biragoye gushonga mumazi ashyushye. Igisubizo cyacyo gihamye mubushyuhe bwo hejuru nta geli. Irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri minisiteri, ariko kubika amazi yayo biri munsi yubwa methyl selile.
(2) Hydroxyethyl selulose ihamye kuri aside rusange na alkali. Alkali irashobora kwihutisha iseswa ryayo kandi ikongerera gato ubwiza bwayo. Ikwirakwizwa ryayo mumazi ni mabi cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose na hydroxypropyl methyl selulose. .
(3) Hydroxyethyl selulose ifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya-sag kuri minisiteri, ariko ifite igihe kirekire cyo kudindiza sima.
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1.1.4 Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) [C6H7O2 (OH) 2och2COONa] n
Ionic selulose ether ikozwe muri fibre naturel (ipamba, nibindi) nyuma yo kuvura alkali, ukoresheje sodium monochloroacetate nka agent ya etherification, kandi ikavurwa muburyo butandukanye. Urwego rwo gusimburwa muri rusange ni 0.4 ~ 1.4, kandi imikorere yarwo igira ingaruka cyane kurwego rwo gusimburwa.
(1) Carboxymethyl selulose ni hygroscopique, kandi izaba irimo amazi menshi mugihe abitswe mubihe rusange.
. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50 ° C, ubukonje ntibusubira inyuma.
(3) Guhagarara kwayo bigira ingaruka cyane kuri pH. Mubisanzwe, irashobora gukoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri gypsumu, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa muri minisiteri ishingiye kuri sima. Iyo alkaline nyinshi, itakaza ubukonje.
(4) Kubika amazi yayo biri hasi cyane ugereranije na methyl selulose. Ifite ingaruka mbi kuri gypsumu ishingiye kuri minisiteri kandi igabanya imbaraga zayo. Nyamara, igiciro cya carboxymethyl selulose kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na methyl selile.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-30-2023