Imashini ya krahisi ni uburyo bwahinduwe bwa krahisi bwitabiriwe cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda bitewe nuburyo bwinshi nibintu byihariye. Mugihe gikunze gukoreshwa mubifatika kubushobozi bwacyo bwo guhuza, bikwiranye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushingiye kubintu byinshi.
1. Intangiriro kuri krahisi ether:
Amashanyarazi ya krahisi ni ibikomoka kuri krahisi kavukire, aribyo polysaccharide iboneka mu bimera. Binyuze mu guhindura imiti, akenshi irimo na etherification, etarike ya krahisi ikorwa kugirango izamure imitungo kandi ikorwe neza mubikorwa byihariye. Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu buhindura hydrophilique na hydrophobique ya krahisi, bityo bikazamura ituze, ibisubizo hamwe nimiterere ya rheologiya.
2. Ibyiza bya krahisi ether:
Ether ya etarike ifite ibintu byinshi byingenzi bituma ikurura ibikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, harimo ibifatika. Iyi mitungo irimo:
A. Amazi ya elegitoronike: Ethers ya krahisi irashobora gushonga kandi irashobora kwinjizwa muburyo bworoshye kandi igateza imbere ibintu byiza.
b. Ubushobozi bwo gukora firime: Ether ya etarike irashobora gukora firime zifasha gufatira kumutwe no gutanga imbaraga kubikoresho bifata.
C. Thickener: Ikora nkibyimbye muburyo bwo gufatira hamwe, bigira ingaruka kumyumvire no kunoza imiterere yabyo.
d. Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika: Ibinyamisogwe biva mu mutungo ushobora kuvugururwa bityo bikaba bitangiza ibidukikije kandi bikwiriye gukoreshwa byibanda ku buryo burambye.
3. Gufata ibyemezo bya krahisi ether:
Imashini ya krahisi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gufatira hamwe, nka:
A. Impapuro zipakira hamwe nugupakira: Ethers ya krahisi ikoreshwa mubipapuro no gupakira ibintu kubera gukora firime no kubifata.
b. Ibikoresho byubaka: Ubushobozi bwamazi nubushobozi bwo kubyibuha bwa krahisi ether bituma bikoreshwa neza nkibikoresho byubaka kugirango bifashe ibikoresho byubaka.
C. Ibiti bifata ibiti: Mu nganda zikora ibiti, etarike ya krahisi ikoreshwa mu mbaho ziti kugirango zongere imbaraga kandi zitange ituze.
d. Ibikoresho bifata imyenda: Ether ya krah ikoreshwa mubifata imyenda kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza fibre no kongera imbaraga muri rusange.
4. Imikorere mubushyuhe bwo hejuru:
Kuri porogaramu aho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buhura, imikorere ya krahisi ya ether mubushyuhe bwo hejuru ni ikintu gikomeye. Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire yayo muriki kibazo:
A. Ubushyuhe bwa Thermal: Ethers yerekana urugero rutandukanye rwubushyuhe bwumuriro bitewe nurwego rwabasimbuye hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwimiti ikoreshwa mugihe cya etherification.
b. Ubushyuhe bwa Gelatinisation: Ubushyuhe bwa gelatinisiyumu ya krahisi ether ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi bizaterwa n'uburemere bwa molekile hamwe n'urwego rwo gusimbuza.
C. Impinduka zijimye: Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora guhindura ubwiza bwimiti ifata irimo ibinyamisogwe. Gusobanukirwa izi mpinduka ningirakamaro kugirango habeho imikorere ihamye.
d. Imbaraga zinguzanyo: Imbaraga zingirakamaro zifatika zirimo etarike ya krahisi irashobora guterwa nubushyuhe, bityo rero birasabwa gusobanukirwa neza ibisabwa byihariye.
5. Ingamba zo guhindura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru:
Kugirango uzamure ikoreshwa rya krahisi ether mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ingamba zikurikira zo guhindura:
A. Guhuza: Guhuza ibinyamisogwe ether molekile byongera ubushyuhe bwumuriro no guhangana nubushyuhe buterwa nubushyuhe.
b. Kuvanga na polymers irwanya ubushyuhe: Guhuza ethers ya krahisi hamwe na polymers irwanya ubushyuhe birashobora gukora imiti ivanga imiti igabanya umutekano mubushyuhe bwinshi.
C. Guhindura imiti: Ibindi byahinduwe byimiti, nko gutangiza amatsinda yimikorere irwanya ubushyuhe, birashobora gushakishwa kugirango ubudozi bwa krahisi bukoreshwa mubushuhe bwihariye.
6. Inyigo hamwe nibikorwa bifatika:
Gusuzuma ibyabaye-byukuri byimikorere nibikorwa bifatika bitanga ubushishozi mubikorwa bya krahisi ya ether mubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Inganda aho kurwanya ubushyuhe ari ingenzi, nk'imodoka, icyogajuru hamwe na elegitoroniki, birashobora gutanga ingero zingirakamaro.
7. Ibidukikije:
Mugihe impungenge z’ibidukikije zigenda ziba ingenzi, ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima bya krahisi byongera inyungu zikomeye. Gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije ziterwa no gufata imiti irimo ibinyamisogwe mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bukoreshwa mubikorwa birambye.
8. Icyerekezo kizaza n'amahirwe y'ubushakashatsi:
Gukomeza ubushakashatsi niterambere murwego rwa krahisi ether ihindura irashobora gufungura uburyo bushya bwo kuyikoresha mubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Gucukumbura tekinike yo guhindura udushya, gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwibanze bwo gutuza ubushyuhe, no kumenya imikoranire hamwe nizindi polymers nibice bikwiye byiperereza.
9. Umwanzuro:
Muncamake, krahisi ethers isezeranya abakandida kubisabwa bifatika, bafite ibintu byinshi byifuzwa. Imikorere yacyo mubushyuhe bwo hejuru biterwa no gusuzuma neza ibintu nkubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubushyuhe bwa gelatinizasi nimbaraga zumubano. Binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura ingamba no guhanga udushya, ibinyamisogwe birashobora guhuzwa kugirango bikemure ibibazo byihariye biterwa nubushyuhe bwinshi, bifungura inzira nshya zo kubikoresha munganda aho kurwanya ubushyuhe ari ngombwa. Mugihe ubushakashatsi bugenda butera imbere, uruhare rwa etarike ya krahisi mu gufatira hamwe birashoboka ko rwaguka, bikarushaho gushimangira umwanya wabo nkibintu byinshi kandi bihoraho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2023