Cellulose ether (CE) nicyiciro cyibikomokaho byabonetse muguhindura selile. Cellulose nigice cyingenzi cyurukuta rwibimera, na ether ya selile ni urukurikirane rwa polymers iterwa na etherification y amatsinda amwe ya hydroxyl (–OH) muri selile. Zikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi nkibikoresho byubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, kwisiga, nibindi, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye kubera imiterere yihariye yumubiri na chimique kandi bitandukanye.
1. Gutondekanya ether ya selile
Ethers ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butandukanye ukurikije ubwoko bwibisimburwa mumiterere yimiti. Ibyiciro bikunze kugaragara bishingiye kubitandukaniro mubisimbuza. Ethers isanzwe ya selile niyi ikurikira:
Methyl selulose (MC)
Methyl selulose ikorwa mugusimbuza hydroxyl igice cya molekile ya selile na methyl (–CH₃). Ifite umubyimba mwiza, gukora firime no guhuza kandi ikoreshwa mubikoresho byubaka, gutwikira, imiti ninganda zibiribwa.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni ether isanzwe ya selile, ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubaka, ubuvuzi, imiti ya buri munsi nimirima y'ibiribwa kubera amazi meza kandi meza. HPMC ni selile idafite selile hamwe nibintu byo kubika amazi, kubyimba no gutuza.
Carboxymethyl selulose (CMC)
Carboxymethyl selulose ni anionic selulose ether ikorwa no kwinjiza amatsinda ya carboxymethyl (–CH₂COOH) muri molekile ya selile. CMC ifite amazi meza cyane kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mubyimbye, stabilisateur no guhagarika ibikorwa. Ifite uruhare runini mu biribwa, ubuvuzi no kwisiga.
Ethyl selulose (EC)
Ethyl selulose iboneka mugusimbuza hydroxyl groupe muri selile na Ethyl (–CH₂CH₃). Ifite hydrophobicity nziza kandi ikoreshwa kenshi nkumukozi wa firime kandi igenzura ibikoresho byo gusohora imiti.
2. Imiterere yumubiri na chimique ya selile ethers
Imiterere yumubiri na chimique ya selile ya selile bifitanye isano rya bugufi nibintu nkubwoko bwa selile ya selile, ubwoko bwinsimburangingo nurwego rwo gusimburwa. Umutungo wacyo nyamukuru urimo ibi bikurikira:
Amazi meza no gukomera
Ether nyinshi ya selile ifite amazi meza kandi irashobora gushonga mumazi akonje cyangwa ashyushye kugirango bibe igisubizo kiboneye. Kurugero, HPMC, CMC, nibindi birashobora gushonga vuba mumazi kugirango bibe igisubizo cyinshi-cyinshi, gikoreshwa cyane muburyo bukoreshwa hamwe nibisabwa bikora nko kubyimba, guhagarika, no gukora firime.
Kubyimba no gukora firime
Ether ya selile ifite imiterere myiza yo kubyimba kandi irashobora kongera neza ubwiza bwibisubizo byamazi. Kurugero, kongeramo HPMC mubikoresho byubwubatsi birashobora kunoza plastike nigikorwa cya minisiteri no kongera imiti irwanya kugabanuka. Muri icyo gihe, ethers ya selile ifite imiterere myiza yo gukora firime kandi irashobora gukora firime imwe ikingira hejuru yibintu, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mubitambaro no gutwikira ibiyobyabwenge.
Kubika amazi no gutekana
Ethers ya selile nayo ifite ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi neza cyane cyane mubikoresho byubaka. Ethers ya selile ikoreshwa kenshi mugutezimbere amazi ya sima ya sima, kugabanya ibibaho byo kugabanuka kwa minisiteri, no kongera ubuzima bwa minisiteri. Mu murima wibiribwa, CMC nayo ikoreshwa nka humectant kugirango itinde kwumisha ibiryo.
Imiti ihamye
Ethers ya selulose yerekana imiti ihamye muri acide, alkali na electrolyte ibisubizo, kandi irashobora kugumana imiterere n'imikorere yabyo mubidukikije bitandukanye bigoye. Ibi bibafasha gukoreshwa mu nganda zinyuranye bitabangamiye indi miti.
3. Umusaruro wa selile ya ether
Umusaruro wa selulose ether utegurwa cyane cyane na etherification reaction ya selile naturel. Intambwe yibanze yintambwe zirimo kuvura alkalisation ya selile, reaction ya etherification, kweza, nibindi.
Kuvura alkalisation
Ubwa mbere, selile karemano (nka pamba, ibiti, nibindi) irahinduka kugirango ihindure igice cya hydroxyl muri selile mo umunyu wa alcool ukora cyane.
Igisubizo cya Etherification
Cellulose nyuma ya alkalisiyasi ifata hamwe na etherifyinge (nka methyl chloride, okiside ya propylene, nibindi) kugirango itange selile. Ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe, ubwoko butandukanye bwa selile ethers irashobora kuboneka.
Kweza no gukama
Ether ya selile yakozwe na reaction irasukurwa, irakaraba kandi yumishwa kugirango ibone ifu cyangwa ibicuruzwa. Isuku nibintu bifatika byibicuruzwa byanyuma birashobora kugenzurwa nubuhanga bukurikira bwo gutunganya.
4. Imirima ikoreshwa ya selile ether
Bitewe nimiterere yihariye yumubiri na chimique ya selile ya selile, ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinshi. Ibyingenzi byingenzi byo gusaba nibi bikurikira:
Ibikoresho byo kubaka
Mu rwego rwibikoresho byubaka, ether ya selile ikoreshwa cyane nkibibyimbye hamwe nububiko bwamazi kubutaka bwa sima nibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri gypsumu. Ether ya selile nka HPMC na MC irashobora kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi bwa minisiteri, kugabanya igihombo cyamazi, bityo bikongerera gukomera no kurwanya.
Ubuvuzi
Mu nganda zimiti, ethers ya selile ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho byo gutwikira imiti, imiti yangiza ibinini, hamwe nibikoresho bigenzurwa. Kurugero, HPMC ikoreshwa mugutegura ibiyobyabwenge bya firime kandi bifite ingaruka nziza yo kugenzura-kurekura.
Ibiryo
CMC ikoreshwa cyane mubyimbye, emulisiferi, na stabilisateur mu nganda zibiribwa. Ikoreshwa cyane mubinyobwa, ibikomoka ku mata, nibicuruzwa bitetse, kandi irashobora kunoza uburyohe hamwe nubushuhe bwibiryo.
Amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe nimiti ya buri munsi
Ether ya selile ikoreshwa nkibibyimbye na emulisiferi na stabilisateur mu kwisiga hamwe n’imiti ya buri munsi, bishobora gutanga ubwuzuzanye nuburyo bwiza. Kurugero, HPMC ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa nka menyo yinyo na shampoo kugirango ibahe ibyiyumvo byingirakamaro hamwe ningaruka zihamye zo guhagarika.
Kwambara
Mu nganda zitwikiriye, ether ya selile ikoreshwa nkibibyimbye, abakora firime, hamwe ningingo zihagarika, zishobora kuzamura imikorere yubwubatsi, kuzamura urwego, no gutanga ubuziranenge bwa firime.
5. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya selile ethers
Hamwe no gukenera kurengera ibidukikije, selile ether, nkibikomoka ku mutungo kamere ushobora kuvugururwa, ufite iterambere ryagutse. Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima, kuvugurura no guhinduranya bituma bituma biteganijwe ko bizakoreshwa cyane mubijyanye nibikoresho byatsi, ibikoresho byangirika nibikoresho byubwenge mugihe kizaza. Mubyongeyeho, selulose ether nayo ifite ubundi bushakashatsi nubushobozi bwiterambere murwego rwongerewe agaciro nkibikoresho bya biomedical engineering nibikoresho bigezweho.
Nkibicuruzwa byingenzi byimiti, selile ether ifite intera nini yo gukoresha agaciro. Nububyibushye buhebuje, kubika amazi, gukora firime no gutuza neza kwimiti, bigira uruhare rudasubirwaho mubice byinshi nkubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, nibiribwa. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere ibitekerezo byo kurengera ibidukikije, ibyifuzo byo gukoresha selile ya selile bizaguka kandi bitange umusanzu munini mu guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’inganda zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-24-2024